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Weismann, 310. Germ-cells and body cells, 310. The hered- 
itary substance is the germ-plasm, 311. It embodies all the past 
history of protoplasm, 311. The more precise investigation of 
the material basis of inheritance, 311. The nucleus of cells, 311. 
The chromosomes, 312. The fertilized ovum, the starting-point 
of new organisms, 313. Behavior of the nucleus during division, 
313. The mixture of parental qualities in the chromosomes, 313. 
Prelocalized areas in the protoplasm of the egg, 314. The in- 
heritance of acquired characteristics, 314. The application of 
statistical methods and experiments to the study of heredity, 314. 
Mendel’s important discovery of alternative inheritance, 316. 
Francis Galton, 317. Carl Pearson, 318. Experiments on in- 
heritance, 318. 
CHAPTER XV 
THE SCIENCE oF Fossit LIFE, : - - 320 
Extinct forms of life, 320. Strange views regarding fossils, 320. 
Freaks of nature, 321. Mystical explanations, 321. Large bones 
supposed to be those of giants, 322. Determination of the nature 
of fossils by Steno, 322. Fossil deposits ascribed to the Flood, 323. 
Mosaic deluge regarded as of universal extent, 324. The com- 
parison of fossil and living animals of great importance, 325. 
Cuvier the founder of vertebrate paleontology, 325. Lamarck 
founds invertebrate paleontology, 326. Lamarck’s conception of 
the meaning of fossils more scientific than Cuvier’s, 327. The 
arrangement of fossils in strata, 328. William Smith, 328. Sum- 
mary of the growth of the science of fossil life, 329. Fossil re- 
mains as an index to the past history of the earth, 330. Epoch- 
making work of Charles Lyell, 330. Effect of the doctrine of 
organic evolution on paleontology, 332. Richard Owen’s 
studies on fossil animals, 332. Agassiz and the parallelism be- 
tween fossil forms of life and stages in the development of 
animals, 334. Huxley’s geological work, 335. Leidy, 337. Cope, 
337. Marsh, 338. Carl Zittel’s writings and influence, 338. 
Henry F. Osborn, 339. Method of collecting fossils, 340. Fossil 
remains of man, 340. Discoveries in the Fayam district of 
Africa, 341. 
