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106 BIOLOGY AND ITS MAKERS 
entangled therein, extending their body in a long round, and 
striving to dis-entangle their tayle; whereby it came to pass, 
that their whole body lept back towards the globule of the 
tayle, which then rolled together serpent-like, and after the 
manner of copper or iron wire, that having been wound 
around a stick, and unwound again, retains those windings 
and turnings,” etc.* 
Any one who has examined under the microscope the well- 
known bell-animalcule will recognize in this first description 
of it, the stalk, and its form after contraction under the desig- 
nation of a ‘tayle which retains those windings and turnings.’ 
There are many other descriptions, but the one given is 
typical of the others. He found the little animals in water, 
in infusions of pepper, and other vegetable substances, and 
on that account they came soon to be designated infusoria. 
His observations were not at first accompanied by sketches, 
but in 1711 he sent some drawings with further descriptions. 
O. Fr. Muller.—These animalcula became favorite ob- 
jects of microscopic study. Descriptions began to accu- 
mulate and drawings to be made until it became evident that 
there were many different kinds. It was, however, more 
than one hundred years after their discovery by Leeuwenhoek 
that the first standard work devoted exclusively to these 
animalcula was published. This treatise by O. Fr. Miiller 
was published in 1786 under the title of Animalcula Injusoria. 
The circumstance that this volume of quarto size had 367 
pages of description with 50 plates of sketches will give some 
indication of the number of protozoa known at that time. 
Ehrenberg.—Observations in this domain kept accu- 
mulating, but the next publication necessary to mention is that 
of Ehrenberg (1795-1876). This scientific traveler and 
eminent observer was the author of several works. He was 
* Kent’s Manual of the Infusoria, Vol. I, p. 3. Quotation from the 
Philosophical Transactions for the year 1677. 
