148 BIOLOGY AND ITS MAKERS 
As Huxley has said, “‘he may be considered as the founder 
of the modern science of anatomy.’”’ His work on the struc- 
*s..ture of the brain was the most exact which had appeared up 
to that time, and in his studies on the brain he entered into 
broad comparisons as he had done in the study of the other 
parts of the animal organization. 
He died at the age of forty-six, without being able to 
complete a large work on human anatomy, illustrated with 
colored figures. This work had been announced and en- 
tered upon, but only that part relating to the brain had 
appeared at the time of his death. Besides drawings of the 
exterior of the brain, he made sections; but he was not able 
to determine with any particular degree of accuracy the 
course of fiber tracks in the brain. This was left for other 
workers. He added many new facts to those of his pred- 
ecessors, and by introducing exact comparisons in anatomy 
he opened the field for Cuvier. 
Cuvier.—When Cuvier, near the close of the eighteenth 
century, committed himself definitely to the progress of 
natural science, he found vast accumulations of separate 
monographs to build upon, but he undertook to dissect 
representatives of all the groups of animals, and to found 
his comparative anatomy on personal observations. The 
work of Vicq d’Ayzr marked the highest level of attain- 
ment, and afforded a good model of what comparisons 
should be; but Cuvier had even larger ideas in reference 
to the scope of comparative anatomy than had his great 
predecessor. 
The particular feature of Cuvier’s service was that in his 
investigations he covered the whole field of animal organiza- 
tion from the lowest to the highest, and uniting his results 
with what had already been accomplished, he established 
comparative anatomy on broad lines as an independent 
branch of natural science. Almost at the outset he conceived 
