RISE OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 163 
materially in the advancement of that science. His portrait, 
which is rare, is shown in Fig. 47. 
Rathke.—Martin Henry Rathke (1793-1860) greatly 
advanced the science of comparative anatomy by insisting 
upon the importance of elucidating anatomy with researches 
in development. This is such an important consideration 
that his influence upon the progress of comparative anatomy 
can not be overlooked. After being a professor in Dorpat, 
he came, in 1835, to occupy the position of professor of anat- 
omy and zoélogy at Kénigsberg, which had been vacated by 
Von Baer on there moval of the latter to St. Petersburg. His 
writings are composed with great intelligence, and his facts 
are carefully codrdinated. Rathke belonged to the good old 
school of German writers whose researches were profound 
and extensive, and whose expression was clear, being based 
upon matured thought. His papers on the aortic arches 
and the Wolffian body are those most commonly referred to 
at the present time. 
Muller.—Johannes Miiller (1801-1858), that phenomenal 
man, besides securing recognition as the greatest physiol- 
ogist of the nineteenth century, also gave attention to com- 
parative anatomy, and earned the title of the greatest mor- 
phologist of his time. His researches were so accurate, so 
complete, so discerning, that his influence upon the develop- 
ment of comparative anatomy was profound. Although he 
is accorded, in history, the double distinction of being a great 
anatomist and a great physiologist, his teaching tended to 
physiology; and most of his distinguished students were 
physiologists of the broadest type, uniting comparative anat- 
omy with their researches upon functional activities. (For 
Miiller’s portrait see p. 187.) 
Gegenbaur.—In Karl Gegenbaur (1826-1903) scientific 
anatomy reached its highest expression. His work was char- 
acterized by broad and masterly analysis of the facts of struc- 
