RISE OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 165 
E. D. Cope.—In America the greatest comparative 
anatomist was FE. D. Cope (1840-1897), a man of the highest 
order of attainment, who dealt with the comparative anatomy 
not only of living forms, but of fossil life, and made contribu- 
tions of a permanent character to this great science; a man 
whose title to distinction in the field of comparative anatomy 
will become clearer to later students with the passage of time. 
For Cope’s portrait see p. 336. 
Of thesuccessors of Cuvier, we would designate Meckel, 
Owen, Gegenbaur, and Cope as the greatest. 
Comparative anatomy is a very rich subject, and when 
elucidated by embryology, is one of the firm foundations of 
biology. H{ we regard anatomy as a science of statics, we 
recognize that it should be united with physiology, which 
represents the dynamical side of life. Comparative anatomy 
and comparative physiology should go hand in hand in the 
attempt to interpret living forms. Advances in these two 
subjects embrace nearly all our knowledge of living organisms. 
It is a cause for congratulation that comparative anatomy 
has now become experimental, and that gratifying progress is 
being made along the line of research designated as experi- 
mental morphology. Already valuable results have been 
attained in this field, and the outlook of experimental mor- 
phology is‘most promising. 
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