THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF LIFE 207 
were due to Dujardin, and, therefore, we must include him 
among the founders of modern biology. 
Purkinje-—The observations of the Bohemian investi- 
gator Purkinje (1787-1869) form a link in the chain of events 
leading up to the recognition of protoplasm. Athough 
Purkinje is especially remembered for other scientific contri- 
Fic. 83.—PurRKINJE, 1787-1869. 
butions, he was the first to make use of the name protoplasm 
for living matter, by applying it to the formative substance 
within the eggs of animals and within the cells of the embryo. 
His portrait is not frequently seen, and, therefore, is included 
here (Fig. 83), to give a more complete series of pictures of 
the men who were directly connected with the development 
of the protoplasm idea. Purkinje was successively a pro- 
