302 BIOLOGY AND ITS MAKERS 
animals experimented upon, namely, guinea-pigs, rabbits, 
and mice, are not susceptible to these diseases. 
Lister.—The other member of the great triumvirate of 
bacteriology is Sir Joseph Lister (Fig. 94); born in 1827, he 
has been successively professor of surgery in the universities 
Fic. 94.—Sir JosepH Lister, Born 1827. 
of Glasgow (1860) and of Edinburgh (1869), and in King’s 
College, London (1877). His practical application of the 
germ-theory introduced aseptic methods into surgery and 
completely revolutionized that field. This was in 1867. In 
an address given that year before the British Medical Asso- 
ciation in Dublin, he said: ‘‘ When it had been shown by the 
