SCIENCE OF FOSSIL LIFE 341 
different collections a series containing the Neanderthal 
skull, the skulls of Spy and Engis, and the Java skull de- 
scribed in 1894 by Dubois. There have also been found 
recently (November, 1906) in deposits near Lincoln, Neb., 
some fossil human remains that occupy an intermediate 
position between the Neanderthal skull and the skulls of the 
lower representatives of living races of mankind. We shall 
have occasion to revert to this question in considering the 
evidences of organic evolution. (See page 364.) 
The name paleontology was brought into use about 1830. 
The science affords, in some particulars, the most interesting 
field for biological research, and the feature of the recon- 
struction of ancient life and the determination of the lineage 
of living forms has taken a strong hold on the popular imag- 
ination. According to Osborn, the most important paleon- 
tological event of recent times was the discovery, in 1900, of 
fossil beds of mammals in the Faytim lake-province of Egypt, 
about forty-seven miles south of Cairo. Here are embedded 
fossil forms, some of which have been already described in a 
volume by Charles W. Andrews, which Osborn says ‘‘marks 
a turning-point in the history of mammalia of the world.” 
It is now established that “Africa was a very important center 
‘in the evolution of mammalian life.” It is expected that the 
lineage of several orders of mammalia will be cleared up 
through the further study of fossils from this district. 
