a. Se 
372 BIOLOGY AND ITS MAKERS 
during the French Revolution, everything that was suggestive 
of royalty became obnoxious to the people, it was Lamarck 
who suggested in 1790 that the name of the King’s Garden 
be changed to that of the Botanical Garden (Jardin des 
Plantes), The Royal Garden and the Cabinet of Natural 
History were combined, and in.1793 the name Jardin des 
Plantes proposed by Lamarck was adopted for the in- 
stitution. 
It was through the endorsements of Lamarck and Geoffroy 
Saint-Hilaire that Cuvier was brought into this great scientific 
institution; Cuvier, who was later to be advanced above him 
in the Jardin and in public favor, and who was to break 
friendship with Lamarck and become the opponent of his 
views, and who also was to engage in a memorable debate 
with his other supporter, Saint-Hilaire. 
The portrait of Lamarck shown in Fig. 112 is one not 
generally known. Its date is undetermined, but since it was 
published in Thornton’s British Plants in 1805, we know 
that it was painted before the publication of Lamarck’s 
Philosophie Zoologique, and before the full force of the cold- 
ness and heartless neglect of the world had been experienced. 
In his features we read supremacy of the intellect, and the 
unflinching moral courage for which he was notable. La- 
marck has a more hopeful expression in this portrait than in 
those of his later years. 
Lamarck Changes from Botany to Zoology.—Until_1794, 
when he was fity years of age, Lamarck was devoted to 
botany, but on being ‘urged, ‘after the 1 reorganization of the 
Jardin du Roi, to take charge of the department of inverte- 
brates, he finally consented and changed from the study of 
plants to that of animals. This change had profound _in- 
fluence in shaping his ideas. He found the invertebrates in 
great confusion, and set about to bring order out of chaos, 
an undertaking in which, to his credit be it acknowledged, 
