RISE OF EVOLUTIONARY THOUGHT 431 
the people. He was a pioncer in the laboratory teaching of 
biology, and his .fanual has been, ever since its publica- 
tion in 1874, the inspiration and the model for writers of 
directions for practical work in that field. 
It is not so generally known that he was also a great 
investigator, producing a large amount of purely technical 
researches. After his death a memorial edition of his scien- 
tific memoirs was published in four large quarto volumes. 
The extent of his scientific output when thus assembled was 
a surprise to many of his co-workers in the field of science. 
His other writings of a more general character have been 
collected in fourteen quarto volumes. Some of the essays 
in this collection are models of clear and vigorous English 
style. Mr. Huxley did an astonishing amount of scientific 
work, especially in morphology and paleontology. Those 
who have been privileged to look over his manuscripts and 
unpublished drawings in his old room at South Kensington 
could not fail to have been impressed, not only with the 
extent, but also with the accuracy of his work. Taking 
Johannes Miiller as his exemplar, he investigated animal 
organisms with a completeness and an exactness that have 
rarely been equaled. 
An intimate account of his, life will be found in The Life 
and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley, by his son. 
Haeckel.— Ernst Haeckel, of Jena, born in 1834 (Fig. 122), 
was one of the earliest in Germany to take up the de- 
fense of Darwin’s hypothesis. As early as 1866 he applied 
the doctrine of evolution to all organisms in his Genereille 
Morpholegie. ‘This work, which has been long out of print, 
represents his best contribution to evolutionary thought. 
He has written widely for general readers, and although his 
writings are popularly believed to represent the best scientific 
thought on the matter, those written for the general public 
are not regarded by most biologists as strictly representative. 
