436 BIOLOGY AND ITS MAKERS 
chick, best represent the progress of investigation between 
Harvey and Linneus. The three contributions referred to 
are those on the Anatomy of Plants (Anatome Plantarum, 
1675-1679); on the Anatomy of the Silkworm (De Bombyce, 
1669); and on the Development of the Chick (De Formatione 
Pulli in Ovo and De Ovo Incubato, both 1672). 
We then pass to the Systema ature (twelve editions, 
1735-17608) of Linneus, a work that had such wide in- 
fluence in stimulating activity in systematic botany and 
zoology. 
Wolff’s Theorta Generationis, 1759, and his De Formatione 
Intestinorum, 1764, especially the latter, were pieces of 
observation marking the highest level of investigation of 
development prior to that of Pander and Von Baer. 
Cuvier, in Le Régne Animal, 1816, applied the principles 
of comparative anatomy to the entire animal kingdom. 
The publication in 1800 of Bichat’s Traité des Afembranes 
created a new department of anatomy, called histology. 
Lamarck’s book, La Philosophie Zoologique, 1809, must 
have a place among the great works in biology. Its influence 
was delayed for more than fifty years after its publication. 
The monumental work of Von Baer on Development 
(Ueber Entwicklungsgeschichte der Thiere), 1828, is an almost 
ideal combination of observation and conclusion in embry- 
ology. 
The ALicroscopische Untersuchungen, 1839, of Schwann 
marks the foundation of the cell-theory. 
The Handbook of Johannes Miiller (Handbuch der 
Physiologie des Menschen), 1846, remains unsurpassed as to 
its plan and its execution. 
Max Schultze in his treatise Ueber Muskelk6r perchen und 
das was man eine Zelle zu nennen habe, 1861, established one 
of the most important conceptions with which biology has 
been enriched, viz., the protoplasm doctrine. 
