464 
448; from Linneus to Darwin, 
138-140 
Biology, defined, 4; domain of, 4, 5; 
epochs of, 20; progress of, 3, 5; 
applied, 443 
Boerhaave, quoted, 71, 72; 
Linneus, 122 
Bois-Reymond, Du, 189; portrait, 
189 
Bones, fossil, 322, 324 
Bonnet, and cmboitement, 208; op- 
position to Wolff, 2z1; portrait, 
212 
Books, the notable, of biology, 435 
Brown, Robert, discovers the nu- 
cleus in plant-cells, 243 
Buckland, 324 
Buckle, on Bichat, 166, 167 
Buffon, 129, 411; portrait, 412; po- 
sition in evolution, 412 
and 
Cc 
Cesalpinus, on the circulation, 50 
Cajal, Ramon y, 176; portrait, 176 
Camper, anatomical work of, 143; 
portrait, 144 
Carpenter, quoted, 170 
Carpi, the anatomist, 26 
Castle, experiments on inheritance, 
316 
Catastrophism, theory of, Cuvier, 
326; Lyell on, 331 
Caulkins, on protozoa, 109 
Cell, definition of, 258; diagram of, 
257; earliest known pictures of, 
238, 239; in heredity, 257 
Cell-lineage, 234, 442 
Cell-theory, announcement of, 242; 
effect on embryology, 222, 224; 
founded by  Schleiden and 
Schwann, 242; Schleiden’s ¢on- 
tribution, 247; Schwann’s trea- 
tise, 248; modifications of, 250; 
vague foreshadowings of, 237 
Child, studies on regulation, 440 
Chromosomes, 254, 312 
Circulation of the blood, Harvey, 
46, 47; Servetus, 50; Columbus, 
50; Cesalpinus, 50; in the capil- 
laries, 84, Leeuwenhoek’s sketch 
of, 83; Vesalius on, with illustra- 
tion, 49 
Classification of animals, tabular 
view of, 137-138 
Cohn, portrait, 271 
INDEX 
Color, in evolution, 386 
Columbus, on the circulation, 50 
Comparative anatomy, rise of, 141- 
165; becomes experimental, 165 
Cope, in comparative anatomy, 165; 
portrait, 336; important work in 
paleontology, 337, 437 
Creation, Aquinas on, 409; St. 
Augustine on, 408; special, 410; 
evolution the method of, 348 
Cuvier, birth and early education, 
149; and catastrophism, 326; 
comprehensiveness of mind, 154; 
correlation of parts, 133; debate 
with St. Hilaire, 416; domestic 
life, 155; forerunners of, 143; 
founds comparative anatomy, 154; 
founder of vertebrate palontol- 
ogy, 325; his four branches of the 
animal kingdom, 132; goes to 
Paris, 151; life at the seashore, 
150; opposition to Lamarck, 414; 
portraits, 152, 153; physiognomy, 
152; and the rise of comparative 
anatomy, 141-156; shortcomings 
of, 156; successors of, 156; type- 
theory of, 133 
D 
Darwin, Charles, his account of the 
way his theory arose, 427; factors 
of evolution, 380; habits of work, 
426; home life, 423; at Downs, 
426; ill health, 426; naturalist on 
the Beagle, 425; natural selection, 
383; opens note-book on the origin 
of species, 426; personality, 422; 
portraits, 381, 423; parallelism in 
thought with Wallace, 427; pub- 
lication of the Origin of Species, 
429; his other works, 391, 420; 
theory of pangenesis, 306; varia- 
tion in nature, 382; the original 
drafts of his theory sent by 
Hooker and Lyell to the Linnean 
Society, 420-422; working hours, 
426; summary of his theory, 405 
Darwin, Erasmus, 413; portrait, 
413 
Darwinism and Lamarckism con- 
fused, 391; not the same as or- 
ganic evolution, 347 
Davenport, experiments, 319 
Deluge, and the deposit of fossils, 
323 
