406 
imental method, 47; at Padua, 41; 
period in physiology, 180; per- 
sonal appearance and qualities, 
42, 44, 455 portrait, 44; pred- 
ecessors of, 48; question as to 
his originality, 46; his teacher, 43; 
writings, 45 
Heredity, 305; a cellular study, 257; 
according to Darwin, 307; Weis- 
mann, 309; application of statis- 
tics to, 314; inheritance of ac- 
quired characters, 314; steps in 
advance of knowledge of, 308 
Hertwig, Oskar, portrait, 231; ser- 
vice in embryology, 232; Rich- 
ard, quoted, 125 
Hilaire, St., portrait, 416; see St. 
Hilaire 
His, Wilhelm, 232; portrait, 233 
Histology, birth of, 166-178; Bichat 
its founder, 170; normal and 
pathological, 172; text-books of, 
17 
Hooke, Robert, 55; his microscope 
illustrated, 55 
Hooker, letter on the work of Dar- 
win and Wallace, 420-422 
Horse, evolution of, 354 
Human ancestry, links in, 364, 365 
Human body, evolution of, 363 
Human fossils, 340, 364 
Hunter, John, 144; portrait, 145 
Huxley, in comparative anatomy, 
161; influence on biology, 430; in 
paleontology, 335; portrait, 430 
I 
Inheritance, alternative, Mendel, 
316; ancestral, 318; Darwin’s 
theory of, 306; material basis of, 
311-313; nature of, 305 
Inheritance of acquired characters, 
314; Lamarck on, 377; Weis- 
mann on, 398 
Inquiry, the arrest of, 17 
Insects, anatomy of, Dufour, 106; 
Malpighi, 63; illustration, 65; 
Newport, 100; Leydig, 102; Straus- 
Diirckheim, 96; Swammerdam, 
70, 75; illustration, 76; theology 
of, or 
J 
Jardin du Roi changed to Jardin des 
Plantes, 372 
INDEX 
Jennings, on animal behavior, 109, 
441 
Jonston, 114 
K 
Klein, 118 
Koch, Robert, discoveries of, 300; 
portrait, 301 
Koelliker, in embryology, 224; in 
histology, 171; portrait, 173 
Kowalevsky, in embryology, 224; 
portrait, 225 
L 
Lacaze-Duthiers, 158; portrait, 159 
Lamarck, changes from botany to 
zoology, 372; compared with 
Cuvier, 327; education, 371; first 
announcement of his evolutionary 
views, 375; forerunners of, 411; 
first use of a genealogical tree, 131; 
founds invertebrate palzontology, 
326; on heredity, 377; laws of 
evolution, 376; military experi- 
ence, 370; opposition to, 414; 
Philosophie Zoologique, 375; por- 
trait, 373; position in science, 1323 
salient points in his theory, 378; 
his theory of evolution, 374; com- 
pared with that of Darwin, 390, 
391; time and favorable condi- 
tions, 378; use and disuse, 374 
Leeuwenhoek, 77-87; new _ bio- 
graphical facts, 78; capillary 
circulation, 84, 85, sketch of, 83; 
comparison with Malpighi and 
Swammerdam, 87; discovery of 
the protozoa, 105; other discov- 
eries, 85; and histology, 178; his 
microscopes, 81; pictures of, 82, 
83; occupation of, 78; portrait, 
79; scientific letters, 83; theoreti- 
cal views, 86 
Leibnitz, 208 
Leidy in paleontology, 337 
Lesser’s theology of insects, 91 
Leuckart, 136; portrait, 136 
Leydig, 102; anatomy of insects, 
102; in histology, 175; portrait, 
175 
Linnzan system, reform of, 130-138 
Linnzus, 118-130; binomial nomen- 
clature, 127; his especial service, 
126; features of his work, 127, 
128; his idea of species, 128, 129; 
