INDEX 
influence on natural history, 125; 
personal appearance, 125;  per- 
sonal history, 119; portrait, 124; 
helped by his fiancée, 120; return 
to Sweden, 123; and the rise of 
natural history, 100-130; the Sys- 
tema Nature, 121, 125, 1 27; pro- 
fessor in Upsala, 123; celebration 
of two hundredth anniversary of 
his birth, 124; as university lec- 
turer, 123; wide recognition, 122; 
summary on, 129-130 
Lister, Sir Joseph, and antiseptic 
surgery, 302; portrait, 302 
Loeb, 234; on artificial fertilizaticn, 
441; on regulation, 440 
Ludwig, in physiology, 160; 
trait, 160 
Lyell, epoch-making work in geol- 
ogy, 330; letter on Darwin and 
Wallace, 420-422; portrait, 331 
Lyonet, 89; portrait and personal- 
ity, 90; great monograph on in- 
sect anatomy, 91; _ illustrations 
from, 92, 93, 94, 95; extraordi- 
nary quality of his sketches, 92 
por- 
M 
Malpighi, 58-67; activity in re- 
search, 62; anatomy of plants, 66; 
anatomy of the silkworm, 63; 
compared with Leeuwenhoek and 
Swammerdam, 87; work in em- 
bryology, 66, 202; rank as embry- 
ologist, 205; honors at home and 
abroad, 61; personal appearance, 
58; portraits, 59, 204; sketches 
from his embryological treatises, 
203; and the theory of pre-delinea- 
tion, 203 
Man, antiquity of, 364; evolution of, 
363; fossil, 340, 364 
Marsh, O. C., portrait, 337 
Meckel, J. Fr., 162; portrait, 162 
Men, of biology, 7,8; the foremost, 
437; of science, 7 
Mendel, 315; alternative inheritance, 
316; law of, 315; purity of the 
germ-cells, 316; portrait, 315; 
rank of Mendel’s discovery, 316, 
317 
Microscope, Hooke’s, Fig. of, 55; 
Leeuwenhoek’s, 81, Figs. of, 82, 83 
Microscopic observation, introduc- 
tion of, 54; of Hooke, 55; Grew, 
467 
55; Ehrenberg, 106; Malpighi, 
66, 67; Leeuwenhoek, 81, 84, 85, 
105 
Microscopists, the pioneer, 54 
Middle Ages, a remolding period, 
Ig; anatomy in, 24 
Milne-Edwards, portrait, 157 
Mimicry, 387 
Mohl, Von, 268; portrait, 269 
Miiller, Fritz, 230; O. Fr., 106 
Miller, Johannes, as anatomist, 163; 
general influence, 185; influence 
on physiology, 185; as a teacher, 
185; his period in physiology, 184; 
personality, 185; portrait, 187; 
physiology after Miiller, 188 
N 
Nageli, portrait, 268 
Naples, biological station at, 446; 
picture of, 445 
Natural history, of Gesner, 112, 113, 
114; of Ray, 115-118; of Lin- 
neus, 118-130; sacred, 110; rise 
of scientific, 110-130 
Natural selection, 383; discovery of, 
427; Darwin and Wallace on, 429; 
extension of, by Weismann, 397; 
illustrations of, 384; inadequacy 
of, 389 
Nature, continuity of, 367; return 
to, 19; renewal of observation, 19 
Naturphilosophie, school of, 160 
Neanderthal skull, 365 
Needham, experiments on sponta- 
neous generation, 281 
Neo-Lamarckism, 380 
Newport, on insect anatomy, 100 
Nineteenth century, summary of dis- 
coveries in, 3 
Nomenclature of biology, 126, 127 
Nucleus, discovery of, by Brown, 
243; division of, 256, 313 
O 
Observation, arrest of, 17; renewal 
of, 19; in anatomy, 26; and ex- 
periment the method of science, 
22, 39 
Oken, on cells, 241; portrait, 160 
Omne vivum ex ovo, 200 
Omnis cellula e cellula, 309 
Organic evolution, doctrine of, 345- 
367; influence of, on embryology, 
225; theories of, 368-406; rise of 
