408 
evolutionary thought, 407-433; 
sweep of the doctrine of, 366 
Osborn, quoted, 10, 364, 410; in 
paleontology, 339 
P 
Paleontology, Cuvier founds verte- 
brate, 325; of the Fayam district, 
341; Lamarck founder of inverte- 
brate, 326; Agassiz, 332; Cope, 
337; Huxley, 335; Lyell, 330; 
Marsh, 337; Osborn, 339; Owen, 
332; William Smith, 328; steps 
in the rise of, 329 
Pander, and the germ-layer theory, 
218 
Pangenesis, Darwin’s theory of, 306 
Pasteur, on fermentation, 294; 
spontaneous generation, 288; in- 
oculation for hydrophobia, 299; 
investigation of microbes, 298; 
personality, 296; portrait, 295; 
his supreme service, 299; venera- 
tion of, 294 
Pasteur Institute, foundation of, 299; 
work of, 300 
Pearson, Carl, and ancestral inher- 
itance, 318 
Philosophie Anatomique of St. Hi- 
laire, 416 
Philosophie Zoologique of Lamarck, 
375 
Physiologus, the sacred natural his- 
tory, IIO-112 
Physiology, of the ancients, 179; 
rise of, 179-194; period of Har- 
vey, 180; of Haller, 181; of J. 
Miiller, 184; great influence of 
Miller, 185; after Miiller, 188 
Pithecanthropus erectus, 341, 360 
Pliny, portrait, 16 
Pouchet, on spontaneous generation, 
286 
Pre-delineation, theory of, 206; rise 
of, Malpighi, 207, Swammerdam, 
208, Wolff, 210 
Pre-formation. See Pre-delineation 
Primitive race of men, 366 
Protoplasm, 259; discovery of, 250, 
262; doctrine and sarcode, 270, 
273; its movements, 261; naming 
of, 269; its powers, 260 
Protozoa, discovery of, 104; growth 
of knowledge concerning, 104-109 
Purkinje, portrait, 267 
INDEX 
R 
Rathke, in comparative anatomy, 
163; in embryology, 223 
Ray, John, 115; portrait, 116; and 
species, 117 
Réaumur, 96; portrait, 98 
Recapitulation theory, 230 
Recent tendencies, in biology, 437 
in embryology, 232 
Redi, earliest experiments on the 
generation of life, 279; portrait, 
280 
Remak, in embryology, 223 
Roesel, on insects, 95; portrait, 97 
S) 
Sarcode and protoplasm, 273, 275 
Scala Nature, 131 
Scale of being, 131 
Schleiden, 243; contribution to the 
cell-theory, 248; personality, 247; 
portrait, 246 
Schultze, Max, establishes the proto- 
plasm doctrine, 272; in histology, 
172; portrait, 273 
Schulze, Franz, on spontaneous gen- 
eration, 284 
Schwann, and the cell-theory, 242, 
244, 248, 249; in histology, 171; 
and spontaneous generation, 284 
Science, of the ancients, return to, 
112; conditions under which it 
developed, 8; biological, 4 
Servetus, on circulation of the blood, 
50 
Severinus, in comparative anatomy, 
143; portrait, 143 
Sexual selection, 388 
Shells, evolution of, 352, 353 
Siebold, Von, 134, 135; portrait, 135 
Silkworm, Malpighi on, 63; Pasteur 
on, 299 
Smith, Wm., in geology, 328 
Spallanzani, experiments on genera- 
tion, 282; portrait, 283 
Special creation, theory of, 410 
Species, Ray, 117; Linnzus, 129; 
are they fixed in nature, 350; or- 
igin of, 350-364 
Spencer, 418; his views on evolution 
in 1852, 419 
Spontaneous generation, belief in, 
278; disproved, 292; first experi- 
ments on, 278; new form of the 
question, 281; Redi, 279; Pas- 
