SEEDLINGS AND SHOOTS 79 



twig four to six inches long, bearing two or 

 three buds. They must be fastened,, or 

 grafted, so that the cambium of the tree and 

 the scion are tight together. When this is done 

 correctly, the scion and the living stock knit, 

 or grow, together, and thus the whole type of 

 the tree is changed. 



Crrafting and budding are interesting sub- 

 jects. Perhaps you already know something 

 about them. All our seedling fruit trees and 

 most of the ornamental trees, too, must be 

 worked over by the nurseryman. If we plant 

 an Elberta peach stone, we get a seedling of 

 nobody knows what variety. If we wish to 

 grow an Elberta peach tree, we must bud the 

 little seedling with buds taken from an Elberta 

 tree. The nurseryman grows his seedling 

 trees in long rows, cultivating them as care- 

 fully as he would any other crop. 



Let us see the steps employed in making an 

 apple tree. The seeds usually come from the 

 cider mill, or apple evaporator, and are- of all 

 kinds and varieties. They are sown in drills 

 of well-prepared soil, and carefully cultivated 

 all through the growing season. In the fall, 

 they are little unbranched whips of various 

 heights. These are dug and "heeled in," that 

 is, they are placed slant-wise in shallow 



