SOME ENEMIES OF THE TREES 107 



summer the full-grown caterpillar abandons the 

 tree and spins a loose white cocoon on a fence 

 or building, or perchance in a curled leaf. The 

 moth that emerges returns to the orchard and 

 lays her eggs on the apple twigs, as we have 

 seen. 



The various members of the tussock-moth 

 family, chief of which is the gipsy moth, are 

 tent-builders which work upon shade and forest 

 trees. The canker-worm is a smooth-bodied 

 "measuring worm," striped with yellow and 

 brown, which respects neither fruit nor forest 

 trees. We often see these worms hanging sus- 

 pended from the leaves by a silken thread. 

 The codling moth and the eurculio are insect 

 pests which work entirely upon fruit. The eur- 

 culio belongs to the class of snout beetles, and 

 numbers the cotton boll-weevil and other highly 

 injurious characters among its kin. It punc- 

 tures the fruit with its snout for the purpose of 

 feeding, and to make holes in which to deposit 

 eggs. A crescent-shaped slit is made around 

 each hole where an egg is deposited, so that the 

 egg wUl not be crushed by the growth of the 

 fruit. This ingenious scheme works all right in 

 the case of the plum and other stone fruits, but 

 an egg seldom hatches in a growing apple. 

 However, in the host of "stung" apples which 



