THE FLO&AI, ENVELOPS. 



91 



has changed the latter (technically) to an involucre. In the pink a similar intcr- 

 node renders the ovary stipitaie. In the Caper family the torus ia developed into 

 long intemodea, sometimes raising the ovary upon a long stipe, sometimes the sta- 

 mens and ovary. 



446. The disk is a portion of the receptacle raised into a rim some- 

 where in the midst of the whorls. It is found between the ovary and 

 stamens in pasony and buckthorn. It bears the stamens in maple, 

 mignionette, and crowns the ovary in the Umbelliferse. Finally 



Sei 292 293 



291, PffloBla Montan, showing Ita very largo disk (<?) sheathing the ovnries (p). 292, Pistil at 

 the lemon, with Its base surrounrted by the disk, d. 293, Section of flower of Alchemilla, show- 

 ing Us single simple pistil, largo disk, etc. 



447. Combined deviations are quite frequent, and sometimes ob- 

 scure the typical character of the flower to such a degree as to require 

 close observation in tracing it out. The study of such cases is full of 

 both amusement and improvement. 



448. Fob example, the V poppy has suppression in the calyx, multiplication in 

 the stamens and carpels, and in the latter cohesion also. The y/ sage has cohe.9ion 

 and irregularity in the calyx, every kind of irregularity in the corolla, suppression 

 and irregularity in tho stamens, suppression and cohesion in the pistils. The %/ 

 Cypripedium is perfectly symmetrical yet has irregular cohesion in the calyx, great 

 inequality in the petals, cohesion, adhesion, and metimorphosis in the stamens, and 

 cohesion in the carpels. 



(In this way let the pupil analyze the deviations in the flower of Geranium, holly- 

 hock, moth mullein, larkspur, sweetbriar, touch-me-not, Petunia, snapdi'agon, violet, 

 Polygala, Bquirrol-corn, Orchis, henbit, monk's-hood, Calceolaria, etc.) 



CHAPTER XI. 



THE FLOEAL ENVELOPS, OR PERIANTH. 



449. Idea of the typical flower. In our idea of the typical 

 flower, the perianth consists of two whorls of expanded floral leaves 

 encircling and protecting the more delicate essential organs in their 

 midst. The outer circle, calyx, ia ordinarily green and far less conspic- 

 uous than the inner circle of highly colored leaves — the corolla. 



