114 



PEEICARP. 



556. The achenium is a small, dry, indehiscent pericarp, free from 

 the one seed which it contains, and tipped with the remains of the 

 style (buttercups, Lithospermum). 



551. The double achenium of the Umbeliferas, supported on a carpophore is called 

 cremocarp. The 2-carpeled achenium of the CompositiE, usually crowned with u, 

 pappus, is called cypsda. 



558. The acuema are often mistaken for seeds. In the Labiatee and Bor- 

 rageworts they are associated in fours (372). In Geum, Anemone, etc., they are 

 collected in heads. The rich pulp of the strawberry consists wholly of the over- 

 grown receptacle, which bears the dry achenia on its surface. (HO). 

 43-2 438 440 435 



434 4ST 488 4.39 



432, Achonia of Anemone thalictroidcs 4^53, Crouiocarp of Archangelica oflicinalls, its halvea 

 (meroenrp-^) s^-ljarateil and suspended on tlio carpophore. 4Si, Cypsela of Thistle with its 

 phimous pappus. JOo, Utricle of Ciicnopodium (pigweed). 4-36, Cai-yopsis of Wheat 43T. 

 6am.araof Elm. 433, Glans ofBeeoli. 439, Drnpo of Prunus. 440, Fruit of Fiagaiia Indica, u 

 tleflhy torus lilco the sti-awberry. 



559. The utricle is a small, thin, pericarp fitting loosely upon its 

 one seed, and often opening transversely to discharge it (pigweed, 

 prince's feather). 



560. Oaryopsis, the grain or fruit of the grasses, is a thin, dry, 1- 

 sceded pericarp, inseparable from the seed. 



561. Samara; dry, 1-seedod, indchiscent, furnished with a mem- 

 branous wing or wings (ash, elm, maple). 



562. Glans or nut; hard, dry, indehiscent, commonly 1-seedod by 

 suppression (;^ 545), and invested with a persistent involucre called a 

 cupiclc, either solitary (acorn, hazelnut) or several together (chestnut, 

 beechnut). 



563. Drupe, stone-fruit ; a 3-coated, 1-celled, indehiscent pericarp, 

 exemplified in the cherry, peach. The outer coat (epidermis) is called 

 the epicarp, the inner is the niidcus or endocarp, hard and stony ; the 

 intervening pulp or fleshy oo.it is the sircocarp (pap^, flesh). These 

 coats are not distinguishable in the ovary. 



