Obdbb 2.— MAGNOLIACEuB. 213 



4 P. Moutan L. Chinese Tree P^ont. St. shrabby ; Ifta. oblong-ovate, 

 glaucous and somewhat hairy beneath, termiual 1 — 3-lobed ; ova. 5, distinct, sur- 

 rownded by the very large disk. — From Cliiaa. The woody stem branches into a 

 bush 3 — tf high. Lv3. large, on long stalks. Fls. very large, always double 

 in cultivation, fragrant and truly splendid. This plant is remarlsable for produc- 

 ing the largest form of disk in the vegetable kingdom. 



5 P. papaveracea L. St. shrubby ; Ifts. oblong-ovate, glaucous and slightly 

 hairy beneath, terminal one lobed ; ova. about 6, closely united into a globous head. — 

 From Chiiia. Resembles the last in foliage, but is remarkably distinguished from 

 all the other species by its united carpels. Flowers white, with a purple centre, 

 often single in cultivation. Other species and varieties are cultivated, rarely in 

 this country, amounting to about 150 in all. 



Order II.. MAGNOLIACE^. Mag noli ads. 



Ji-ees or shrubs with alternate, -.coriaceous, simple, entire or lobed (never toothed) 

 loaves. Leaf buds sheathed with membranous stipules which soon fall off. Fls. 

 large, polypetalous, polyandrous, polygamous, hypogynous, perfect. Calyx and 

 corolla imbricated in bud, colored alike, in 3 or more 3-merous circles. Ovaries 

 several or many, compactly covering the elongated torus. Fruit of numerous dry 

 or flesliy carpels, aggregated into a sort of cone. SMds 1 or 2 in each carpel, with 

 a minute embryo in fleshy albumen. (See Pigs. 63, 72, 131.) 



An order of 12 (/enera and 63 ap&cies, inclndlni; some of the most splendid of flowering trees 

 and sh I'll bs. Most of them" belon;^ to tho Southern States, some to the "Western, and a few to 

 Japiin, Cliina and India. 



Properties. — Tho bark is aromatic, containinc: an intensely hitter principle, "Whicb is tonU 

 and stimulating. The flowers are frajjrant and aromatic in a high degree. 



TRIBES AND GENERA. 



Tribe ILLICIE.<E. Carpels arranged into a single circle Illicium, \ 



Tribe MAGN6LIEiE. Carpels imbricated into a cone-lil^e fruit.* 



* Antliers opening inwards. Lvs. folded lengthwise in bud Magnolia. % 



* Anthers opening Outwards. Lvs. folded crosswise in bud Liriodekdbon. 8 



1. ILLl'CIUM, L. Star Anisb. Sepals 3 — 6, colored ; petals 6 — 30 ; 

 carpels capsular, dry, ari'anged circularly, dehiscent on the upper side, 

 each with one smooth shining seed. — Shrubs with very smooth, ever- 

 green leaves ; exhaling, when bruised, tho odor of Anise. 



1 I. floridannm EllLs. Petals 21 — 30, purple; lvs. acuminate. — Swamps, Fla. 

 to La. Shrub 4 — 8f high. Lvs. on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, slightly 

 acuminate, entire, smooth, thick, 3 — 6' by 1 — 2'. Fls. about IJ' broad, on 

 slender, nodding pedicles. Cal. deciduous. Petals purplish crimson, linear, 

 obtuse, in 3 whorls. Sta. 30 or more. Ova. about 12 in one regular circle, 

 with short, recurved styles. Seed polished, as large as that of the apple. Mcj . 



2 I. parviflora Mx. Petah 6 — 12, yellowish; lvs. oblong, obtusish. — River 

 banks, Fla. and Ga. Shrub 6 — lOf high. Lvs. thick and leathery, entire, on 

 short petioles. Fls. smaller than in the last, nodding, dull yellow. Petals ovate 

 or roundish, concave. May. The bark and leaves of these plants are strongly 

 aromatic and spicy, in their properties, much resembling Anise. Tho root of tho 

 latter has the properties of Sassafras. 



2. MAGNOLIA, L. (Named for Prof. Magnol, a French botanist 

 of the iVth century.) Sepals 3 ; petals G — 9 ; anthers longer than 

 the filaments, opening inwards ; carpels 2-valved, 1 — 2-seeded, aggre- 

 gated into a hard, cone-like fruit; seeds berry-like, and suspended from 

 the opening carpels by a long fnniculus. — Trees and shrubs with large, 

 fragrant flower'!. Lvs. condiiplicate in the bud, embracing and em- 

 braced by the sheathing stipules. 



