242 Oeder 16— VIOLACISLE. 



placenfae. Style 1, declinate. Stig. oucuUate. Fr. a 3-valved capsule. Sds. many, 

 with a crustaceous testa and distinct chalaza. (Illustrationa in Figs. 101, 305, 348, 

 402, 604.) 



Oenera 15, ape-ciaft 800, mostly inhabitants of the Northern temperate zone. The roots of 

 almost all the Violaceie possess emetic properties, and some are valued in medicine. The Ipecac 

 of the shop is partly the product of certain Brazilian species of lonidium. Several species of 

 the violet are cultivated for the beauty of their liowers. 



§ Sepals unequal, more or less auricled at base Vioi.a. 1. 



§ Sepals nearly equal, not auricled at base Solea. 'J. 



1. VIOLA, L. Violet. Pansey. (From the Latin.) Sepals 5, unequal, 

 auricular at base ; petals 5, irregular, the broadest spurred at base, the 

 2 lateral equal, opposite ; stamens approximate, anthers connate, two of 

 them with appendages at the back ; capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, seeds 

 attached to the middle of the valves. — ■'U- Low, herbaceous plants. 

 Ped. angular, solitarv, 1-flowcrod, recurved at the summit so as to bear 

 the flowers in a resupinato position. Joints of the rhizome often bear- 

 ing apetalous flowers. 



• Acaulescent — Petals yellow No. 1. 



— Petals white Nos. 2 — t 



— Petals blue, — beardless Nos. 5 — 7. 



— bearded. — Lvs. divided Nos. S, 9;3, 9y. 



— Lvs. undivided Nos. 9 — 11. (Exotic No. 21.) 



• Caulescent. — Petals yellow. Sts. leafy at the top only Nos. 12 — 14. 



— Petals not quite yellow. — Stipules entire Nos. 15. 



— Stipules frinse-toothed Nos. 16 — 13. 



— Stipules lyrate-pinnatifid, very large.. .Nos. 19, 2w. 



1 V. rotundifolia Mx. Fig. 305. Lvs. orbicular-ovate, cordate, slightly ser- 

 rate, nearly smooth, with tho sinus closed ; petiole pubescent ; cal. obtuse. — A 

 small, early violet, found in woods, N". Eng. to Tenn. Lvs. varying from ovate to 

 roniforni, mostly round, with a narrow sinus at base. Veins and petioles pubes- 

 cent. Ped. as long as the leaves, sub-4-sided, bracted in the middle. Petals yel- 

 low, marked at base with brown lines. Fls. small. Mar., May. 



2 V. lanoeol^ta L. Lvs. smooth, lanceolate, tapering at base into the long petiole 

 obtusiah, subcrenate. — Found in wet meadows, Can. and U. S. Rhizome creep- 

 ing. Lvs. varying from lanceolate to linear, and, with the stallt 3 — 5' "long. 

 Petioles half-round. Ped. sub-4-sided. Petals white, greenish at base, upper and 

 lateral ones marked with bluo lines, generally beardless. Fls. small, those from 

 tho lower nodes of tho rhizomo apetalous. Mar. (S) — May. 



3 V. jDrimul^folia B. Lvs. lance-ovate, abrupoly contracted at base and decur- 

 rent on tho petiole ; petals nearly equal, beardless. — Found in damp soils, Mass. 

 to Ga. and Tenn. Rhizomo creeping. Lvs. sometimes subcordate, rather obtuse, 

 crenate, pubescent or nearly smooth. Petals obovate, flat, marked with purple 

 lines at base, generally beardless and obtuse. Fls. small, white, on sub-4-sidod 

 stalks. May, in N. Eng. 



/?. ACUTA Torn & Gr. — Smooth ; lvs. ovato'; petals acute, lateral ones nearly 

 beardless. Mass. (V. acuta Br.) ' 



4 V. blanda Willd. Lvs. cordate, roundish, slightly pubescent; petiolo pubes- 

 cent ; petals beardless. — Found in meadow.s, Can. to Penn. Rhizome slender and 

 creeping. Lvs. close to the earth and sometimes with a rounded sinus so as to 

 appear reniform. Petioles half round. Peduncles sub-4-sided, longer than the 

 leaves. Petals white, greenith at base, upper and lateral ones marked witli a few 

 blue lines. Fls. small, fragrant. May (V. clandestina Ph. T. amcena Le Conte). 



5 V. paUistris L. Lvs. reniform-cordate ; stip. broadly ovate, acuminate; stig. 

 margined; scp. ovate, obtuse, spvr very sfwrt ; caps, oblong- triangular. — Summits 

 of the White Mts. About 3' high, pubescent. Lvs. crenate, 1' by J'. Fls. small, 

 pale bluo on peduncles longer than the leaves and bibracteate near the middla 

 Rhizome creeping, scaly. Jn. 



6 v. Selkirkii Goldie. Selkirk's Violet. Lvs. oi-bimlar-cordate, CTena,telyser>- 

 rate, the sinus deep ana nearly closed ; spur nearly as long as the petals, thidc 



