Obder 45.— POLYGALACE^. 290 



obovate, apper sessile. Fla. purple, 2" long, finally drooping. Winga obtuse. 

 Anth. 8. Bracts small, subulate, caducous. Terminal racemes with perfect fls., 

 radical racemes prostrate or subterraneous, wingless and nearly apetalous. Jr., 

 JL Bitter and tonic (P. rubella Willd.) 

 4. P. Senega L. Seneca Snake-hoot. St. erect, smooth, simple, leafy; Iva alter- 

 nate, lanceolate, tapering at each end ; fls. slightly crested, in a terminal spike-form, 

 slender raceme. — Woods, 'Western States, rare in Eastern. Root ligneous, branched, 

 contorted, about .}' thick, ash-colored. Sts. 8 to 14' high, several from the same 

 root. Lvs. 1 to 2' long, J as wide, numerous, scattered. Fls. white, in a fill- 

 form spike, 1 to 2' long. Sep. obtuse, larger than the petals. The root has ,■> 

 sweetish, nauseous taste, soon becoming pungent and hot. Jl. A valuable 

 stimulating expectorant. 



1-1. LATiFOLiA T. & G. Lvs. Ovate, acuminate at each end. — St. leafy, more 

 than if high. Lvs. 2 to 3' long,' 1' or more broad. Ind. (Dr. Plummer.) 



5 P. setacea Mx. Sts. filiform, simple, apparently leafless (lvs. minute, deltoid- 

 acuminate); spike (small) oblong, acute; vjings short-pointed, shorter than the 

 petals; carunde enclosing the short stipe of the hairy seed. — 1( 'S. Car. to G» 

 and Fla^ Sts. about If high. Lvs. 1" or less long. Fls. pale roseate, in a spiku 

 about half an inch long. Jn., ,T1. — Each stem produces several heads during the 

 season, the next in succession arising from an inferior node after the former has 

 shed its fruit. Hence the naked footstalk often accompanying the single head 

 (Mettauer). 



6 P. incamata L. Glaucous; st. erect, slender, mostly simple; lvs. few, seal- 

 lered, linear-subulate ; spike oblong ; wings lanceolate, cuspidate , claws of tho 

 petals united into a long, cleft tube ; caruncle double, covering the short stipe of 

 the very hairy seed. — (£) Dry soils, N. J., to Fla., W. to Ark. St. 1 to 2f higli. 

 Lvs. 4 to 6" long, remote. Spikes 1 to IJ' long. Fls. pale rose-color or flesh- 

 color. The slender corolla tube erect, nearly twice as long (4'') as the wings, tlio 

 keel with a conspicuous crest. Jn., Jl. 



V P. Chapmanii Torr. & Gr. Very slender, simple, or nearly so; lvs. linear- 

 subulate; spike loose; roundish oblong, rather acute; wings obovate, shghtly 

 clawed ; caruncle 2-lobed, covering one side of the thick stipe of the thin-Mired 

 seed.—(S) W. Fla. to La. (Hale). Sts. 12 to 18' high. Lvs. acute, 6 to 8" long, 

 not J" wide. Fls. bright rose-color. Heads 5" thick, 



8 P. Nutt^llii Torr. & Gr. St. erect, somewhat fastigiate ; lvs. linear ; sj)i/;<r^ 

 acute, roundish-oblong, dense; wings elliptical, attenuate at base; crest minute . 

 caruncU notched, lateral on the ihicic seed stipe. — Mass, R. I., to La. St. 6 to IC 

 high, tho branches overtopping the stem. Lvs. 6 to 8" by 1", acute. Spikes :) 

 to 7" long, 3 to 4" diam. Wings of the calyx rose-red. Seeds black, pear-shapei. 

 Aug. (P. sanguinea Nutt.) 



9 P. fastigiata Nutt. Slender and much branched above; lvs. linear; spike.-: 

 roundish, loose flowered ; wings ovate-oblong, distinctly clawed ; caruncle broa<:, 

 nearly embracing the srnall seed-stipe (immature). — N. J. to Fla. in dry aoil». .'^i. 

 8 to 12' high. Lvs. 8 to 12" long, 1" wide, acute. Spikes about 5" diam., the 

 fls. distinctly pediceled, and of a brighter rose-color than the foregoin?;. (I', 

 sanguinea T. & G.) 



10 P. sanguinea L. St. branching at top ; lvs. linear and lance-linear, spucr.- 

 oblong, obtme, dense ; winga oval or ovate, obtuse, subsessile ; carunde mo?t ly 

 simple, nearly as long as the hairy seed. — An erect plant, 6 to 12' high, found hi 

 meadows and wet grounds, Mass. to La. St. angular, with fastigiate brarche?. 

 each ending in a smaller spike than that of the main stem, but often overtoppiu).: 

 it. Lvs 1' long, 1 to 2" wide. Heads about 6" thick. The caruncle is doubl.- 

 m a few of the seeds, with divergent segments. Fls. purple, caducous. JL— 

 Oct. (P. purpurea Nutt.) 



*ll P. lilltea L St. mostly simple; root lvs. spatulate, obtuse, attenuate at base ; 

 cauline ones lanceolate, acute; rac. ovate-ghbous, obtuse, dense; fls. pedioillato; 

 wings ovate, niucronate, keel with a minute crest. — Sandy plains, N. J. to Fla. 

 St. 8 to 13' high, generallymany from the same root, seldom with a few spread- 

 ing branches. Fls. orange-yellow, longer than the bracts, aggregated in one ter- 

 mmal roundish bead which is 8 or 9" thick. A showy plant 



