376 Oedeb 63.— UMBELLIFERiE. 



tliickened bases. Stigmas simple. Fruit a cremocarp (§ 5 ST), consisting of 2 co- 

 herent achenia called tnericarps ■which separate along the middle space, which ia 

 called the commissure. 

 Carpophore, the slender, simple or forked axis attached to and supporting lh« 



mericarps at top, inclosed between them at the commissure. 

 Eihs — 5 ridges traversing each mericarp lengthwise, and often 4 intermediate ^-^ 



secondary ones, some, all, or none of them winged. 

 Viit(B — little tubular receptacles of colored volatile oil imbedded in the substance 



of the pericarp, just beneath the intervals of the ribs, and also sometimes in the 



face of the commissure. 

 Embryo in the base of abundant, horny albumen. (Illust. in lig?. 2o, 27, 102, 134, 



135, 163, 207,297, 433.) 



Genera 270, species 1500 or more. A larfce anrl well defined natni-al order, native of damp 

 yjlftces, waysides, groves, &c., in the cool parts of the world. Very fcsw are found in tropical 

 coantries, except upon the mountuintj. 



Properties, aromatic, Btimulant and carminative, depending upon a volatile oil residing in tbo 

 vittiii of the fruit, in the roots, &c. Tlie herbage is frequently pervaded' by an acrid, narcotic 

 principle, rendering it very poisonons. Of tliis nature is the Conimn maculatnm (Hemlock), 

 Cicuta virosa, jEthusa Cynapium (Foors Parsley), besides many others wliich have at least a 

 euspicious character. But the fruit ia never poisonous, and is usually 8tinmlant and aromatic, 

 as Caraway, Anise, Dill, Coriander, &c. Even the roots and herbage of otlier species are whole- 

 Borne and nutritive, as the Carrot, Parsnip, Sweet Cisely, Celery, and Archanselica. The gnm 

 resin asfiOfcetida exudes from incisions on the Ferula of Persia. The Gum Galbanum is the 

 product itfGalbanuin officinale, an Indian species. The genera of the Umbellifer.'e are often best 

 defined by characters founded upon tlio numbc-r and development of the I'ihs, the presence or 

 absence of the vittte, and the form of the albumen, particularly at the commissure. Tbe£« 

 parts, therefore, minute as they are, will require the especial attention of the student. 



De Candoile subdivided the Umbelworts into sections, depending upon the form of the albu- 

 men and seed, whether (1.) flat on the inner face, or (2.) convolute at the sides, or (3.) involute 

 ftt the ends. This arrangement is often impracticable as a step in the 



ANALYSIS OP THE GENERA. 

 § Flowers in simple umbels, sometimes Bpicatc. Leaves simple, (a) 

 § Flowers in capitate 'umbels, i. e., sessile, forming dense heads, (b) 

 § Flowers in regularly compound umbels, not sessile in heads. (1) 



1 Fruit flattened on the back, the margins only singly winged, (c) 

 1 Fruit flattened on the back, the margin only doubly winged, (d) 

 1 Fruit terete or flattened on the sides. — Kibs bristly echinate. (e) 



— Ribs smooth. Flowers xanthic. (f) . 



— Kibs smooth. Flowers cyanic. (2) 

 2 Plants exotic, growing in gardens, &o. (1) 

 2 Plants native or naturalized, growing wild. (3) 

 3 Fruit slender, thrice longer than wide, often beaked, (g) 

 3 Fruit short, once to twice as long as wide, — Ribs (6 to 10)-wingecL (h. 



— liibs not winged. (4) 

 4 Seed furrowed or excavated on the inner face, (i) 

 <t Seed flat on the inner face. — Involucre none or almost none, (j) 

 — Involucre of 2 to 3 bracts, (k) 



a Fruit flat, orbicular. Leaves round or roundish IItdkocotyle. 1 



a Fruit globular. Leaves linear, fleshy pbyliodia Cuantzia. 2 



b Flowers partly sterile. Fruit densely muricate, fi!W Sanicula, h 



b Flowers all fertile. Fruit scaly, many in the head Eeyngium. 4 



Flowers yellow. Fruit with a thick, corky margin Polyt^nia. 6 



O Flowers yellow. Fruit with- a thin margin Pastinaca. 



C Flowers white, — of two sorts,— the marginal radiant IIekacle[j.m. 7 



— all alike. — Lfts. 3 to 9, mostly entire Akchemora, 8 



— Lft?. 0, phyllodia linear Tiede.mannia. 



d Seed adherent to the pericai-p, with 6 to S vittip Angelica. 10 



d Seed not adherent, &c., all covered with vitta; Aucuangelica. U 



e Involucre of several pinnatifid bracts Daucus. 12 



f Involacels of ovate, entire bracts. Leaves simple Boplurum. 33 



f Involucels none. Carpels with 5 obtuse ribs Anetiium. U 



f Involucels subulate. — Ribs sharp or winged. Leaflets toothed Tiiaspium. ^:> 



—Ribs not at nil winged. Leaflets entire Zizia, IG 



