882 Order 63.— UMBELLIFERjE. 



13. BUPLEU'RUM, Toum. Modesty. Thorough-wax. (Gr. povg, 

 an ox, -nXevpbv, a rib ; from tlie veined leaves of some of the species.) 

 Calyx margin obsolete ; petals somewhat orbicular, entire, with a 

 broad, closely inflexed point ; frait laterally compressed ; carpels 5- 

 ribbed, lateral ones marginal ; seed teretely convex ; flattish on the 

 face. — Herbaceous or shrubby. Lvs. mostly reduced to entire phyllo- 

 dia. Invol. various. Fls. yellow. 



B. rotundifolium L. Lvs. (phyllodia) roundish-ovate, entire, perfoliate ; invol. 

 ; involucels of 5, ovate, mucronate braota ; fr. with very slender ribs, intervals 

 smooth, mostly without vittie. — ® In cultivated grounds and fields, N. Y., Penn., 

 and Ind., rare. St. If or more high, branching. Lvs. 1 to 3' long ;^ f as wide, 

 rounded at base, acute at apex, very smooth. Umbels 5 to 9-rayed. Involucela 

 longer than the umbellets. Fr. crowned with the wax-like, shining base of the 

 styles (stylopodium.) Jl., Aug. 



14. ANE'THUM, Tourn. Dill. Fennel. (Gr. aldu, to burn ; the 

 plant (its seeds) is very stimulating.) Calyx margin obsolete ; petals 

 involute, with a broad, retusc apex ; fruit ovate or oblong, laterally snb- 



. compressed ; cai-pels with 5 obtuse ribs, the lateral ones marginal ; in- 

 tervals with single vitta3, commissure with 2. — Umbels perfect, with no 

 invol. or involuoels. Fls. yellow. 



1 A. graveolena L. Bill. Fr. elliptical, compressed, surrounded by a flat, 

 dilated margin ; lvs. iripinnaie, aegm. capillary ; umbels on long stalks. — Native 

 of S. Europe. The oval, flat, brown seeds are aromatic, pungent, and medici- 

 nal, i 



2 A. Pcenfoulum L. Fenstl. Lvs. biternaiely dissected, scgm. linear-subu- 

 late, elongated ; rays of the umbel numerous, unequal, spreading ; carp, turgid, 

 ovate-oblong. — Native of England, &c. Cultivated in gardens. St. 3 to 5f high, 

 terete, branched. Xvs. large and smooth, finely cleft into numerous, very nar- 

 row segments. Jl. — The seeds are warmly aromatic, f (Fcel)joulum vulgare 

 Gsert.) 



15. THAS'PIUM, Nutt. Golden Alexanders. (From the Isle of 

 Thaspia, which gave name to the ancient allied genus Thapsia.) Calyx 

 mai^in 5-toothed ; petals elliptic, with an inflexed point ; fruit ellip- 

 tical, compressed laterally and didymous ; carpels convex, with 5 pro- 

 minent or winged ribs, the lateral margined ; intervals with single 

 vittse. — 21 Umbels 'without an invol. Involucels 3-leaved, lateral. Fls. 

 yellow or dark purple. 



§ Leaves 1 or 2-ternate, the radical often Bimple' Nos. 1, 2 



§ Leaves tlirico ternate; stem often pubescent at the nodes Nos. 8, 4 



1 T. aCireuin Nutt. Lvs. mostly biternate, Ifts. thin, oval-lanceolate ; sharply serrate ; 

 umbellets with short rays ; fr. oblong-oval, 10-winged. — Hills and meadows, U. 

 S. and Can. Sta. 1 to 2f high, branching above, rather slender, erect, hollow, 

 angular-furrowed, smooth. Lower lvs. on long petiolea, the Ifta. with coarse aer- 

 ratures, and aometimes quinate, the very lowest one sometimes simple. TJmbela 

 about 2' broad, of 10 to 15 raya, the umbellets dense. Fls. numerous, orange- 

 yellow. Fr. oval, brown. Rt. black, tufted. Jn. 



/?. APTEBUM Gray. Fr. with sharp and prominent ribs, not winged. (Smyr- 

 nium aureum L. Zizia aureum Koch.) 



2 T. cordatum Nutt. Radical lvs. simple, cordate, crenale, cauline ones ternate, 

 stalked, segm. acute, serrate ; umbels terminal ; fr. roundish oval, 6- winged. — 

 Shady hUls and barrens, TJ. S. and Can., rare in N. Eng. St. erect, slightly 

 branched, smooth, 2 to 3f high. Et. lvs. on long stalks, roundish, heart-shaped, 

 the rest ternate, becoming 6nly 3-parted above, all light green. Umbels dense, 

 with yellow fls. Fr black, oval, with 3 prominent, paler, winged ridges on each 

 side. May, Jn. (Smymium cordatum Mx. Zizia cordatum DC.) 



