Obdbb 64.— AEALIACB^ 389 



37. CA^RUIH, L. Caraway. (From Caria, the native countrj of 

 the plant, according to Pliny.) Calyx margin obsolete ; petals obo- 

 vate, emarginate, the,point inflexed ; styles dilated at base, spreading ; 

 fruit oval, compressed laterally ; carpels 5-ribbed, lateral ribs marginal ; 

 intervals with single vittae, commissure with 2. — Herbs with dissected 

 Ivs. Umbels perfect. Involucra various. Fls. white. 



C. C^rvi L. Lvs. somewhat bipinnatifld, with numerous linear segm. invol. 

 l-leaved or 0; involuosls 0. — St. about ^f high, branched, smooth, striate. 

 Lower Its. large, on long petioles, with tumid, clasping sheaths. Umbels on 

 long peduncles ; involucrate bracts when present linear-lanceolate. Jn. — Culti- 

 vated for its fine aromatic fruit, eo well known in domestic economy. :f Eur. 



38. TRBPOCARPUS iBthusa Nutt. 'Wegtern La. (Hale). 



39. CYNOSCIADIITM digitatum DC— "Western La. (Hale). 



Oba, These plants, of which we have bcantifhl specimens from Dr. Hale, may perhaps be 

 found E. of the Mississippi. 



Ordke LXIV. ARALIACELE. Aealiads. 



ZVeas, shrubs or herbs closely allied to the UmbeUifers in the leaves, inflorescence 

 and flowers, but the styles and cells of the ovary are usually more than 2 (3 to 5)^ 

 cells 1-ovuled ; fruit baccate or dry, 3 to 5-celled, with 1 albuminous seed in each 

 oeU. 



Genera 22, species 160. They are natives of northern temperate climes of both hemispheres. — 

 Several species are well known in medicine, etc., as Ginseng, Spikenard, SarsapariUa, etc. The 

 latter is sometimes substituted for the SarsapariUa of the shops. 



1. ARA'LIA, L. Wild Sarsaparilla, etc. Calyx tube- adherent 

 to the ovary, limb short, 5-toothed or entire ; petals 5, spreading, apex 

 not inflexed ; stamens 5, epigynous ; stples and carpels 5 ; berry crowned 

 with the remains of the calyx and styles, mostly 5-celled and 6-seeded. — 

 Lvs. compound. Fls. in simple, solitary, or racemous umbels. 



§ Plants wholly herbaceous and unarmed Nos. 1, S 



§ Plants slirubby at base or wholly shrubby, prickly Nos. 8, 4 



1 A. nudicadliB L. Nearly stemless ; If. solitary, decompound ; scape naked 

 shbrter than the If., bearing the few umbds. — Zf A well-known plant, found in 

 woods, most abundant in rich and rooky soil. Can. to Car. and Tenn. It has a 

 large, fleshy root, from which arise a leaf-stilk and a scape, but no proper stem. 

 The former is long, supporting a single, large, compound leaf, which is either 

 3-temate or 3-quinate. Lfts. oval and obovate, acuminate, finely serrate. The 

 scape is about a foot high, bearing 3 simple umbels of greenish fls. Jn., JL 



2 A. racemosa L. Petttmorbel. Spikenard. St. herbaceous, smooth; Iva 

 decompound ; umbels numerous, small, arranged in a decompound panicle. — % In 

 rocky woods, Can. to the S. States. St. 3 to 4f high, dark green or reddish, 

 arising from a thick, aromatic root. The IE-stalks divide into 3 partitions, each of 

 which bears 3 or 5 large, ovate, serrate lfts. Umbels numerous, arranged in 

 branching racemes from the axils of the Its. or branches. The root is pleasant to 

 the taste, and highly esteemed as an ingredient in small beer, etc. Jl. 



3 A. hisplda L. Wild Elder. Bristly Araha. St. shrubby at base, hispid, 

 with prickles, herbaceous above ; Its. bipinnate, lfts. OTate, cut-serrate ; umbels on 

 long ped., forming a terminal corymb. — If Common in fields about stumps and 

 Etoneheaps, N. Eng. to Ya. St. 1 to 2f high, the lower part woody and thickly 

 beset with sharp, stiff bristles, the upper part brandling, herbaceous. Lfts. many, 

 ending in a long point, smooth. Umbels many, simple, globous, forming bunches 

 of dark-colored, nauseous berries. Plant ill scented. Jl, Aug. 



4 A. spinosaL. Akgelioa Tree. Arborescent; st and petioles prickly ; Its. 

 bl- and tripinnate, lfts. OTate, acuminate, sessile, glaucous beneath ; umbels nu- 

 merous, forming a Tery large panicle; invol. small, few-leaved. — Damp woods, 

 Peon, and Oliio to Fla. and La. Shiiib 8 to 12f high, with tke Its. all crowded 



