J90 Oedke 65.— OOKNACB^. 



near the summit. la the South it attains the height of 20 to 30fJ usually with- 

 out a branch, imitating the form of the palm (as Elliott remarlca) more nearly 

 than any other tree. Its leaves are thfere 4 to 6f in length. Fls. white. Aug.— . 

 Properties emetic and cathartic. 



2. PA^KAX, L. Ginseng. (Gr. nav, all, dicoc;, a remedy ; i. e., a 

 panacea, or universal remedy.) Dioeciously polygamous. ij Calyx 

 adnate to the ovary, limb short, obsoletely 5-toothed ; petals 5 ; stamens 

 6, alternate with the petals ; styles and carpels 2 to 3 ; fruit baccate, 

 2 to 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded. $ Calyx limb nearly entire ; petals 

 and stamens 6. — Herbs or shrubs. Lvs. 3 (in the herbaceous species), 

 palmately compound. Fls. in a solitary, simple umbel. 



1 P. trifdlium L. Geound-hui. Dwabf Giubeno. St. globoits, tuberous ; Iys. 



3, verticiUate, 3 to 5-foliate, Ifis. wedge-lanceolate, serrate suhaessile ; sty. 3 ; ber- 

 ries 3-seeded. — Comm*n in low woods. Can. to S. States. The globular root is 

 deep in the ground, nearly ^' diam., connected with tho stem by a short, screw- 

 like ligament. The st. arises 3 to C above the surface, smooth, slender and 

 simple. At the summit is a whorl of 3 compound lvs. with a central ped. ter- 

 minating in a little umbel of pure white fls. Lfts. generally 3, nearly or quite 

 smooth. Barren and fertile fls. on different plants, the latter without stamens, 

 succeeded by green berries, the former witli a einglo abortive style. May. 



2 P. quinquefolium L. El. fusiform; lvs. 3, verticUlate, 0-foliate; Ifts. ovai, 

 acuminate, serrate, pdiolaie ; ped. of tho umbel rather shorter than the common 

 petiole. — Not uncommon in rocky or mountainous woods. Can. to S. States. 

 Rt. whitish, thick and fleshy. St. round, smooth. If high, with a terminal whorl 

 of 3 compound lvs. and a central ped. bearing a simple umbel. Fls. small, yel- 

 lowish, on short pedicels, the barren ones borao on separate plants have larger 

 petals and an entire calyx. Berries bright ' scarlet. Jn. — Aug. The root is in 

 some estimation as a drug. 



3. HED'ERA, L. European Ivy. f Celtic hedra, a cord ; from the 

 vine-like habit.) Calyx 5-toothed ; petals 5, dilated at the base ; berry 

 5-seeded, surrounded by the permanent calyx. — European shrubby 

 plants, climbing or erect, with simple, evergreen lvs. and green fls. 



H. Helix L. St. and branches long and flexible, attached to the earth or 

 trees or wall by numerous radicating fibres ; lvs. dark green, smooth, with white 

 veins, petiolate, lower ones 5-lobed, upper ovate ; fls. in num erous umbels, form- 

 ing a corymb; berry black, with a mealy pulp. — Native of Britain. There are 

 geveral varieties in gardens, f 



Order LXV. CORNACE^. Cornels. 



Trees and shrubs, seldom Jierbs, without stipules. Leaves opposite (alternate in 



one species), simple, with pinnate veinlets. Flowers 4-merous. Sepals adherent to 



the ovary, the limb minute, 4-toothed or lobed. Petals 4, disti ct, alternate with 



the calyx teeth, valvate in the bud. Stamens same number as petals, inserted on 



the margin of the epigynous disk. Otiary 1 or 2-GeIled. Pruil a baccate drupe 



Browned with the calyx. 



Genera 9. species 40. They are natives throug:hont the temperate zone of both contlDCDtfl. 

 Tho. Order Is distinguished for Its bitter nnd astringent bark. That of Covnus floiida is an ei- 

 cellent tonic similar in its action to the Peruvian bark. Many are beautiful shrubs in cul- 

 tivation. 



i. COR'NUS, L. Dogwood. (Lat. cornu, a horn ; from the hard- 

 ness of the wood of some species.) Calyx limb of 4 minute segments ; 

 petals 4, oblong, sessile ; stamens 4 ; style somewhat clubshaped ; 

 drupe baccate, with a 2 or 3-celled nut. — Trees, shrubs, or perennial 



