Oedbe 65.— OOKNACB^. 391 



herbs. Lvs. (mostly opposite) entire. Fla. incymes,x)fteninvolucrate. 

 Floral envelops valvate in aestivation. Bark bitter, tonic. 



I Cymes subtended by a4-leaved, white involucre No?. 1, 3 



§ Cymes naked. — Leaves alternate No. 3 



— Leaves oppoblte. — Twigs and cymes pubescent No. 4 



— Twigs, &C., glabrous. — Drup^-s white Nos. 5, 6 



—Drupes blue Nos. 7, 8 



1 C. Canadensis. L. Low ConNEL on Dog-wood. Herbaceous, low ; upper 

 lv8. whorled, veiny, on short petioles ; st. simple. — A small, pretty plaut, in woods, 

 nearly throughout N. Am., N. of lat. 39°. Ehizome creeping, woody. The 

 flowering stems direct 4 to 8' high, bearing 2 small bracts in the middle, and a 

 whorl of 6 loaves at the top, two of which are larger, placed a little lower and 

 opposite. An umbellate cyme of flowers arises from the center of the whorl, 

 and with its large, showy involucre of 4 white leaves, might easily be taken for 

 a single flower. A bunch of red berries succeeds. The barren st. supports a 

 whorl of 4 equal leaves. May, Jn. 



2 C. florida L. Ploweriko Dogwood. Arboreous ; lvs. opposite, ovate, acu- 

 minate, entire ; fls. small, in a close, cymous umbel or head, surrounded by a 

 very large, 4 leaved, obcordato involucre. — A tree from 20 to 30f in height, very 

 ornamental when in flower. Woods, U. S. and Can. "Wood hard and compact, 

 covered with a rough, extremely bitter bark, used in medicine as a tonic, Lvs. 

 (partially expanded at flowering) nearly smooth, veiny, pale beneath. The true 

 fls. are inconspicuous, greenish yellow, but the involucre is very large and showy, 

 of veiny, white obovate lvs. ending in a callous point, which is turned up or 

 down so abruptly as to appear emarginate. Drupes red. May. 



3 C alternifdlia L. Lvs. alternate, oval, acute, hoary beneath; branches 

 alternate, verrucous ; drupes purple, globous. — A small tree, N. and "W. States 

 and Can., about twice the height of the last, in moist woods. The branches are 

 smooth, even, spreading from the upper part of the stem, and forming a depressed 

 summit Bark greenish, marked with warty streaks. Lvs. irregularly scattered 

 along the branches, oval-lanceolate, acute, entire veined, whitish underneath, on 

 rather long stalks. Pis. pale buflf color, in a loose cyme. Jn. 



4 C. aerioea L. Branches spreading, purplish, iranchkts woolly; lvs. ovate^ 

 rounded at base, acuminate, silky-pubescent beneath; cymes depressed, woolly; 

 drupes bright blue. — U. S. and Can. A variety has lvs. tapering at base. A 

 shrub about 8f high, with opposite, dusky purple branches, and dark red shoot?. 

 Lvs. 2 to 4' long, \ as wide, varying from ovate and oval to lanceolate, nearly 

 smooth above, with rather prominent veins ; petioles J to 1' long. Pis. yeUowisb 

 white, appearing in June. 



5 C paniculdta L'Her. Brandies erect, grayish, smooth ; lvs. ovate-lauceolato, 

 acuminate, roughish above, hoary beneath ; cymes paniculate ; drupes white. — ^A 

 handsome shrub lOf high, profusely flowering, common in low woodlands and 

 thickets, N. and "W. States and Can. It has numerous and very branching sts. 

 covered with grayish bark, the shoots chestnut-colored. Lvs. 1 to 3' long. Fls. 

 small, white in all their parts, in many small, conical cymes, succeeded by drupes 

 as large as peas. May, Jn. 



6 C. stolonf fera Mx. Eed Osier. St. often stoloniferous ; branches smooth ; 

 shoots virgate, reddish purple ; lvs. broad-ovate, acute, pubescent, hoary beneath ; 

 cymes naked, flat ; berries white. — A small tree, N. and W. States, and CaiL, 

 8 to lOfin height, with smooth, slender, spreading branches, which are commonly 

 red, especially in winter. It often sends out from its base prostrate and rooting 

 stems, with erect shoots. Fls. in terminal cymes, white, followed by bluish- 

 white drupes. May, Jn. 



7 C. Btriota Lam. Branches erect, brown, glabrous ; lvs. elliptical or lance-ovate, 

 nearly glabrous and greeti^both sides; acute at base, long-acuminate at apex; 

 petioles very short; cymes loose, umbel-like, fastipiate, glabrous; cal. teeth sub- 

 ulate, half as long as ovary; pet. ovate-lanceolate, rather acute; anthers and 

 drupes pale blue. — Swamps, Va. to Fla. Shrub 8 to 1 2f high, readily known 

 by its slender-pointed, short-stalked lvs. Apr. 



