Orbeb 67.— EUBIAOB^. 399 



Torrey and Gray. The species of the first suborder, Stellateie, are common in the nortliero parti 

 of both continents: thij other suborder prevails chiefly in warm or torrid regions. 



PropertieK.—A very imnortant family, furnishing mimy useful products. The madder, one 

 of the most importtint of dyes, is furnished by the root of Eubia tinctoria, A similar coloring 

 matter is [lossessed by several species of Galium. Peruvian bark, a powerful febriliige, is the 

 product of several species of Cinchona, viz., C. micranthia, 0. condamluea, C. lanceoluta, C. mag- 

 nifolia, &c , all natives of Peru. Tlieir febrifugal properties depend upon the presence of two 

 alkalies, Cinchonia and Quinia, both combined with Kinic acid. Ipecacuunba, Ihe prince of 

 emetics, is the product of the root of Cepboilis Ipecacuanha, a little shrubby plant «Uh creeping 

 roots, in the damp forests of Brazil. Several other species of Cinchonese afford sutetitutes for 

 the true Ipecac. / 



Ooflfee is the hard albumen of the seeds of Coffea Arabica, a tree of moderate size, with a light 

 brown trunk, and a conical shaped head. Leaves shining, light green. Flowers white, fragrant. 

 The berries arc black when ripe. Colfee is said to have been used in Ethiopia fiom time imme- 

 morial. In Paris and London it seems not to have been in general nso earlier than the year 1700. 



SUBORDERS AND GENERA. 



1. STELLATE Jil. Leaves (and leaf-like stipules ?) wborled. Ovary entirely adherent, (a) 



a Flowers 4-parted. Fruit twin. Slender herbs with sqnare stems Galium. 1 



a Flowers 5-parted. Fruit twin, fleshy and baccate. Stems square Bubia. % 



2l CINCHONE^. Leaves opposite, with stipules between the petioles. Ovary 

 adherent, at least the lower half, (b) 



b Tree. Flowers 5-parted, in involucrato cymes Pinkneva. 3 



b Shrub. Flowers 4-parted, in globular beads Cepiialanthvb. 4 



b Herbs. Flowers habitually 4-parted (Nparted in 0. Halei). (c) 



C Flowers twin (2 corollas on one (double) ovary) Mitchellia. 6 



o Flowers not twin. — Carpels 2, 1 -seeded, both indehiscent Diodia. 6 



— Carpt-ls 2, 1-seeded, one indehiscent SpEaiuAcooE. T 



— Carpels 2, few-seeded. Corolla much exserted.HooSTONiA. 6 



— Carpels 2, GO -seeded. Corolla scarcely ex- 



scrted Oldenlandia 9 



1. GALLIUM, L. Cleavers. Bedstraw. (Gr. ydXa, milk; the 

 flowers of G. \erum are used in coagulating milk.) Calyx limb minutely 

 '1-toothcd ; corolla rotate, 4-cleft ; stamens 4, short ; styles 2 ; carpels 



2, united, separating into 2, 1-seeded, indehiscent nutlets. — Herbs with 

 .slender, i angled sts. Verticels of 4, 6 or 8 Ivs., rarely of 5. 



a Flowers yellow. Leaves in wborls of about 8. Fruit smootb No. 1 



a Flowers dull purple. Leaves (large) in wborh of 4. Fruit hispid or not Nos. 2^—4 



a Flowers white.— Leavesin 4s only. Fruit dry. Panicle terminal No. 5 



— Leaves in 4s only. Fruit smooth, purple berries Nob. 6, 7 



— Leaves in 43 and 6s. — Fruit hispid with hooked hairs No. 8 



— Fruit smooth or nearly so, dry Nos. fi — 11 



— Leaves in 83, long and narrow. Fruit hispid No. 12 



1 G. verum L. Yellow Bedstraw. Erect ; Ivs. in 8s, grooved, entire, rough, 

 linear; fls. densely paniculate. — y Found in dry, open grounds, in the vicinity 

 of Boston, probably introduced (Bigelow). Boot long, fibrous. St. slender, erect, 

 1 to 2f high, with short, opposite, leafy, unequal branches. Lvs. deflexed, linear, 

 with rolled edges. Fls. numerous, sm3,ll yellow, in small, dense, terminal pani- 

 cles. Jn. — The roots dye red. The flowers arc used in' Bngland to curdle milk. 

 § Eur. 



2 G. pilosum Ait. St. ascending, hirsute on the angles ; lvs. in 4s, oval, indis- 

 tinctly veined, hirsute both sides and punctate with pellucid dots ; ped. several 

 times forked, each division 2 to 3-flowered ; fls. pedicellate, den.sely hispid. — A tall 

 species found in dry woods and sterile soils, Mass. to Ind., S. to the (3ul£ St. 1 

 to 2f high, acutely 4-angled, mostly with few, short, spreading branches, Bome- 

 times much branched. Lvs. 9 to 12" by 4 to 8", obtusish, very hairy as well as 

 the stem and fruit. Fls. purplish. Jn. (G. punotioulosum Mi.) 



3 G. ciroae'zans Mx. St. erect or ascending, smooth ; lvs. in 43, oval or ovale- 

 lanceolate, oUuse, 3-veined, smoothish, ciliate on the margins and veins ; ped. di- 

 varicate, few-flowered; fr. subsessile, nodding, hispid. — (^rows in woods, tJ. S. 

 and Can. St. about If in height; with a few short branches near the top, or 

 simple. Lvs. 1 to 2' by 4 to 8''. Fls. on very short, reflexed pedicels, scattered 

 along the (usually 2) branches of the diohotomous peduncle. Fr. covered with 

 Utile hooks as in Circsea. JL— rThe leaves have a sweet taste like liquorioa 



