410 Order 70.— COMPOSIT.^. 



t Leaves alternate. Pappns none. Aohenia terete ANTriRMiB. 69 



t Leaves alti'rnate. Pappus none. Acheuia obcompressed Aouu.lra. 71 



t Leaves opposite. — Pappus none Ecmpta. S8 



— Pappus of fringed ficalea HdB.8m. Eaya 6, am. white. §Eur. Galinsooa. 



— Papp, of the disk a single awn of the ray Zinma. 4S 



u Leaves opposite. Eaya yellow. Pappus none Poltmnia. 39 



U Leaves opposite. Rays yellow. Papp. a 2 or 3-toothed crown CnRTSOGONUM. 40 



U Leaves alternate. — Kays whitish, very short, 5 only PAETiiEKiaM. 4^ 



— Kays yellow. — Achenia winged Silimiiwm. 41 



— Achenia wingless. .. _ Bsklandibka. 42 



V Achenia with erectly hispid awns, or awnless ; never rostrate Cokeopsis. 57 



V Achenia with retrorsely hispid awns, often attenuated above BirEwe. 58 



X Rays white, spreading. Pappus none Mauuta. 70 



X Eaya pnrple, pendant. Pales sharp, elongated Echikacea. fil 



X Kays yellow. — Pappus none. Aclicnia quadrangular Kudukckia. 52 



— Pappus none. Achenia compressed Lepaciiis. 58 



— Pappus of 2 deciduous awns. Aeh. wingless Hkliantiius. 54 



— Pappus of 2 persistent teeth. Ach, winged Hkliantiiella. 56 



— Papp. of 2 persistent awns. Ach. broad-winged Actinomkeis. 56 



B. SuEOaDER, LIGULIFLOR^. 

 5§ Pftppas none, or consisting of little scales, (a) 

 §§ Pappus double (of scales and bristles), or simple and plumous. (b) 

 ^ Pappus composed of capillary bristles, not plumous. (*) 



* Achenia terete or angular, not flattened, (c) 



* Achenia evidently flattened, (d) 



a Flowers yellow. Pappus none. Heads paniculate LAMpaANA. 98 



a Flowers yellow. Pappus none. Heads solitary or umbellate Apogon. 99 



a Flowers blue. — Pappus of many little scales. Eecept naked , Cicuohhtm. 100 



— Pappus of 5 scales. Keceptacle chaflfy Catananchk, 10€ 



b Flowers purple. Feathery pappns on a long filiform beak Teagopogon. 104 



b Flowers white. Feathery pappus on a short beak or sessile Leontoi>on. 103 



b Flowers yellow. — Pappns of many bristles with the scales Cynthia. 102 



— Pappus of 5 bristles and 5 scales Krigia. 101 



C Flowers whitish or purplish, mostly nodding. Stem leafy Nabalus. 107 



Flowers rose-purple, ereot. (Stem almost leafless.) Ltgodesmia- 111 



O Flowers ycHow. — Achenia long-beaked. Pappns white Takaxaoum. 109 



— Achenia long-beaked. Pappns reddish Pyrkopappds. 110 



—Achenia not beakedft— Pappus dull white or tawny Hieracium. 105 



—Pappus bright white Teoximon. 108 



d Achenia contracted into a slender beak. Fls. mostly yellow L actuca. 112 



d Achenia ecarcely beaked, — Flowers mostly blue MgLOEDiuM. 118 



— Flowers yellow. Papp. silky Sonouits. 114 



C. Suborder, LABIATIFLOR^. 

 §SS Head radiate, solitary, nodding in bud. Pappus capillary Cuaptaua. 115 



Suborder I. TUBULIFLOR^. 



Tribe 1. VERNONIACELE. 



1. VERNO^NIA, Schreb. Iron Weed. (Named for William Vernon, 

 an English botanist who traveled in America in search of plants.) 

 Flowers all tubular, perfect; involucre of ovate, imbricated scales, the 

 inner longest ; receptacle naked ; pappus double, the exterior chaffy, 

 the interior capillary, 21 Herbs or shrubs. Lvs. alternate. Fls. pur- 

 ple (in our species.) 



§ Sciilee of the involucre all obtuse and closely appressed No. 1 



§ Scales of the invol. (usually all)— with slender, nexuous points ! . . .'."' .. Nos. 2, 8 



—with acute or Diucronate points Nos. 4,5,6 



