442 Oedbb 10.— composure, 



13. TERNATUM. St. 6-sided; Ins. krnaidy verticiUale. — Prairies, Trith the com- 

 mon form ; apparently connecting this with S. trifoliatum, from which it is 

 nevertheless distinct. 



6 S. acaberrimum Ell. St. hispid ; Ivs. opposite, rigid, oval somewhat pointed, 

 serrate, very roughly hispid on both sides, the lower petiolate, upper subsessile, 

 entire ; scales ciliate-serrulate, squarrous ; aoh. large, roundish, broadly winged, with 

 convergent teeth. — W. Ga. to La. St. 3 — 4f high. Hds. nearly 1' diam., rays 20 

 or more, spreading 2'. Aeh. 6" long. Aug., Sept. 



7 S. lasvigatum Ell. Smooth and glabrous; Iva. opposite, thick, lance-oblong, 

 eubserrate, somewhat pointed, the lower petiolate, upper sessile, with an abrupt 

 base, highest cordate, entire ; scales ovate, obtuse, ciliate-squarrous ; ach. oval, 

 narrowly winged, the teeth short, divergent. — W. Ga. and Ala. St. 2 to 3f high, 

 somewhat 4-angled. Hds. small, corymbod, rays spreading li'. Aohenia 4 ' 

 long. Aug., Sept. 



8 S. Asteriscua L. Hispid, often hairy ; st. terete, striate ; Ivs. mostly alter- 

 nate, lanceolate, crenate-serrate, obtusish, the lower tapering to a petiole, oppo- 

 site or alternate, upper sessile ; scales squarrous, leafy ; ach. roundish-obovate, 

 with short divergent teeth. — Dry Boils, Ya. to Fla. and La., common! St. 2 to 4f 

 higli, generally purple. Lower Ivs. (rarely whorled) 4 to 7' long. Hds. few, 1' 

 broad, with 12 to 15 rays, 1' in length. Ach. 3 to 4" long. Jn. — Aug. — Varia- 

 ble, being somethnes nearly smooth, the lower Ivs. sometimes sinuate-toothed, ct<'. 



:i. PDMiLCM. Downy or tomentous, low; Ivs. elliptical, obtuse, subserratc, 

 upper entire ; hds. smaller ; ach. ivith very short teeth or almost truncate.' — 

 Ga. (Feay), (S. pumilum Ph.). The teeth of the ach. are not invariable in 

 this genus. 



9 S. perfoli^tum L. Cdp-pl.ist. St. square ; Ivs. large, thin, opposite, connal. - 

 perfoliate, ovate, coarsely toothed, naiTowed towards the base; hds. in a trichot- 

 oraous cyme, on a long ped. ; scales ovate, obtuse, squarrous ; ach. broadly 

 obovate, winged, emarginate. — Along streams, etc., Mich, to Tenn., plant coarse 

 and forbidding, 4 to IS high. Lvs. 8 to 14' by 4 to 7', the upper pairs forming ,i 

 cup with their connate bases. Hds. large, with 12 to 20 rays. Ach. 6" lon^:. 

 Jl., Aug. (Also, S. connatum L.) 



42. BERLANDrERA, DC. (Named for Berlmidier, a botanical col- 

 lector.) Heads radiate ; ray-fiowcrs $ , fertile, in one series ; disk o 

 but sterile ; scale.s in 3 series, leafy, subequal ; receptacle chaffy ; 

 pales obtiise ; achcnia all marginal, in one row, obcomprcssed, wing- 

 less, obovate, more or less adherent to the inner scales of the involucre; 

 pappus minute. — If Herbs velvety-canescent, with alternate, cordate, 

 petiolate lvs. and hds. with yellow rays. 



i B. tomentdsa Torr. & Gr. Caulescent, whitened with a close, soft tomeatum ; 

 St. simple; lvs. oblong, obtuse, crenate, petiolate, somewhat smooth and green 

 above; hds. in small, dense corymbs.' — Barrens, Ga., Pla. and La. St 1 to 2 f 

 liigh. Lvs. 2 to 3' by 1', the upper and lower surfaces strongly contrasted \v. 

 color. Rays 1 to 10, spreading 2'. Apr. — Aug. (Silphium Ph.) 



2 B. subaoaillis Nutt. Acaulescent, at length somewhat caulescent, roughish 

 canescent; lvs. radical, lyrate or sinuate-pinnatifld, the lobes crenate-toothed ; 

 scapes elongated, bearing a single head. — Ga. and Ma. May, Jn. 



43. PARTHE'HIUM, L. (Gr. Tra^^tVof , a virgin; from its medici- 

 nal efficacy.) Heads many-flowered ; ray-flowers 5, somewhat ligulale, 

 fertile ; disk flowers tubular, sterile ; involucre hemispherical, scales in 

 2 .series, outer ovate, inner orbicular; receptacle conical, chaffy; achc- 

 nia 5, compressed, cohering with 2 contiguous pales. — American herba 

 with alternate lvs. 



1 P. integrifolium L. /?;. pubescent, striate, erect; lvs. hispid-scabrous, lance- 

 ovate, coaraely dentate-orenate, coriaceous, lower petiolate, upper sessile, liau. 

 many, tomentous, corymbed. — if Dry soils, Mid. and "W. States. St. rigid, 3 Vj 



