Obdbr 10.— COMPOSITE 447 



petioles 6 to 10' long. Bays about 18, oblong, linear, bright yellow. Aug. — 

 Oct. f 



53. LEP'ACHYS, Kaf. Heads radiate; involucre in one series of 

 linear scales ; ray flowers few, neutral, disk perfect ; receptacle col- 

 umnar, cliafty ; chaflF obtuse, and bearded at apex ; pappus ; fer- 

 tile achenia compressed, 1 to 2-winged. — U Lvs. alternate, pinnately 

 divided. Hds. of fls. yellow, with long, drooping rays. 



L. pinnata Torr. & Gr. Scabrous; lvs. all pinnate, the divisions 3 to 7, 

 some of the lower ones 2-parted, the rest undivided ; ray.s elongated. — In dry 

 soila, Western IT. Y., W. and S. States. St. 2 to 4f high, slender, furrowed and 

 hispid. Hds. very showy. Rays yellow, about 2' in length, pendulous, the disk 

 ovate, purple. Jn. — Sept. (Rudbeckia Mx. Obelisearia Cass.) 



54. HELIAN'THUS, L. Sun-flower. (Gr. ^Xwg, the sun, avdoc, 

 flower.) Heads radiate, ray-fls. neutral, disk i;5 ; scales of the invol- 

 ucre imbricated in several series ; receptable flat or convex, the chaff 

 persistent, embracing the achenia ; pappus of 2 chafiy awns, deciduous ; 

 achenia compressed or 4-sidod, not margined. — Herbs mostly 71, rough. 

 Lvs. opposite, the upper often alternate, mostly tripli-veined. Rays 

 yellow, disk yellow or purple. 



§ Disk (Its corollas and pales) dark purple, mostly convex, (a) 



a Herbs annual. Leaves chiefly alternate ~ Nos. 1, 2 



a Ilorljs perennial. Loaves opposite.^ScivlGs acuminate Nos. 8-^ 



—Scales obtuse Nos. 6, 7 



§ Disk (its corollas and pales) yellow, (b) 



b Leaves chiefly alternate and feather- veined Nos. 8 — 11 



b Loaves chiefly opposite and 8-veined or tiiplivcinod. (c) 



C Scales erect, closely Imbricated. — Plants green, rough Nos. 12, 13 



— Plants whitish, downy Nos. 14, Ifi 



Scales loosely spreading. Heads large, 9 to 15-rayed. (d) 



cl Scales lance-linear, longer than disk. Leaves thin Noa 16, 17 



d Scales lanco-ovate, as long as the disk. Leaves thick Nos. 18 — 21 



C Scales loa-iely spreading. Heads small, 5 to 8-rayed Nos. 22 -25 



1 H. &inuus L. Erect, stout; lvs. all cordate, 3-veined, only the lowest op- 

 posite ; jjed. thick ; hds. large, nodding ; ach. glabrous. — This stately annual is 

 from S. America. It grows in any soil, but its magnitude is in proportion, vary- 

 ing from 2f to 10, or even laf. Tho enormous size of the flowers with their 

 broad rays of brilliant yellow are too well known to require description. A 

 variety occurs with tho flowers all radiate. Jl., Aug. — An edible oil has been 

 expressed from tho seeds. 



2 H. debilis Nutt. Decumbent, slender; lvs. ovate, serrulate, petiolate, mostly 

 alternate ; Jids. small, solitary, pedunculate ; scales narrow, alender-pointed ; ach. 

 pubescent. — (1) Fla., La. (Not within our limits ?). Sts. 1 to 2f long. Hds. half 

 an inch diam. Rays about 12. 



3 H. R^dula Torr. & Gr. Erect, hirsute, simple, bearing a single head; lvs. 

 Bosaile or nearly so, roundish ohovate or ovate, obtuse, opposite, crowded below; 

 scales and pales lanceolate, acuminate, erect, dark purple ; rays 7 to 10, rarely none. 

 — If Barrens, Ga., Ala., Fla. Sts. often clustered, 1 to 3f high. Lvs. very rough 

 on tlie upper suiface. Hds. near 1' diam., disk dark purple. Aug., Sept f 

 (Rudbeckia, Ph.) 



4 H. heteropli;p-llus Nutt. Slightly hispid, slender, bearing a smgle head ; Iva 

 opposite, entire, subsessile, tho lower oval, upper linear-lanceolate, scales acumi- 

 nate, erect, ciliate; pales acute; rays 12 to 18. — U N. Car. to'Fla. and La. St. 1 

 to 2f high. Hds. 6" diam., rays expanding 2J'. Aug., Sept. 



5 H. angustifdlius L. Erect, slender, scabrous or hispidly hirsute ; lvs. ses- 

 sile, lance-linear, tapering to a long point, 1-veined, rigid, opposite, the upper often 

 alternate, subdenticulate, often revoluto ; hds. pedunculate, few ; scales lance- 

 Unea/r, the long point spreading ; pales linear, Z-ionthed. — Sandy or rocky places, 

 N. J., Ky., and S. States, comraou. St 2 to Sf high, subsimple. Lvs. 2 to 5' by 

 3 to 6", broadest at tho abrupt base. Rays 12 to 18, expanding about 2'. Disk 

 flowers brown at tho summit. Aug. — Oct 



