Oedeb 70.— COMPOSITiE. 465 



v«Thy, dentatoj ovate-lanceolate and oblong, radical ones stalked, cauline sessile ; 

 hds. few ; invol. hairy, witli acuminate scales ; ach. hairy. — Ravines, White Mts, 

 N. H., Kssex Mts., N. T. Also Eocky Mta St. 1 to 2f high. Lvs. 2 to 5' in 

 length, the upper one broad at the base, the lower tapering to a winged petiole, 

 often acute, but not acuminate. Jl. 

 2 A. nudicaiilia Ell Hirsute ; Ins. all sessile, subentire, oval or ovate, 3 to 5- 

 veined, the veins converging to the apex, cavline small, 1 or 2 pairs; hds. lew, 

 large, terminal; rays about 12, 3-toothed at end; ach. glabrous. — Wet, sandy 

 soils Ya. to Fla. St. If high, scape-like. Lvs. mostly radical, resembling those 

 of the plantains (Plantago), but smaller (2 to 3' long.) Kays spreading fully 2 . 

 Apl., May. 



Teibe 5. CYNAEEiE. 



88. CYN'ARA, L. (Gr. kvuv, a dog; the stiff, hard spines of the 

 invol. resemble a dog's teeth.) Heads discoid, honiogamoiis ; invol- 

 ucre dilated, imbricate, scales fleshy, ctnarginate, pointed ; receptacle 

 setaceous ; pappus plumous ; achenia not beaked. — Natives of the Old 

 World. 



1 C. Scolymus L. Garden Aetiohoke. Lvs. subspinose, pinnate and un- 

 divided; invol. scales ovate. — U Gardens and cultivated grounds. A well known 

 garden esculent. The parts used are the receptacle, the lower part of the in- 

 volucre and the upper portion of the stalk. It is cultivated from suckers placed 

 in rows, 3 feet apart. Aug., Sept. | § Eur. 



2 C. carduiioiilu3 L. Caedoon. Lvs. spiny, all pinnatifid ; invol. scales ovate. 

 — If Flowers purple. This plant is blanched or etiolated, by heaping earth 

 around it, whence its petioles become -crisp, tender, and are used like celery. 

 X § Eur. 



89. TAGE'TES, L. Marigold. (For Tages, a Tuscan divinity, son 

 of Genius and grandson of Jupiter.) Heads heterogamous ; involucre 

 simple, tubular, of 5 to 10 united scales ; ray floweis 5, persistent; re- 

 ceptacle naked ; pappus of 5 erect awns. — ® Herbs of tropical Amer^ 

 ica. Lvs. pinnately divided. 



1 T. patula L. French Maekiold. St. erect, with widely spreading 

 branches; .segm. of the leaves linear-lanceolate; ped. elongated, suhcylindric, 

 one-flowered ; invoL smooth. — Plant about 2f high. Rays orange yellow ; 

 variegated with dark purple, f 



2 T. erecta L. Afeican Marigold. St. stout, erect; segm. of the Iva, 

 lanceolate, ciliate-serrate ; ped. 1-flowered, ventricous and thickened at the sum- 

 mit; invol. angular. — The hds. are twice larger tlian in T. patula, and on shorter 

 peduncles. — These are well known and popular garden flowers with several 

 varieties, f 



90. CALEN'DULA, L. Pot Marigold. (Lat. calenda, thefirstday 

 of the month; some species blossom monthly.) Heads radiate; in- 

 volucre of many equal leaves, in about 2 series ; rays ? , fertile, disk 



$, sterile; receptacle naked; achenia of the disk membranaceous; 

 pappus 0. — An oriental genus of annual herbs. Lvs. alternate. 



C. ofiicinilis L. 'Viscid-pubeaoent ; st. branched; lvs. oblong, acute, mu- 

 cronate, sessile, svlbdentate and scabrous-ciliate on the margin ; hds. terminal, 

 solitary; acli. carinate, muricate, incurved. — A common and handsome garden 

 plant, from S. Eurone. It has double, lemon-colored, and other varieties, flow- 

 ers large and brilliant, generally orange-colored. Jn. — Sept. f 



91. CENTAU'REA, L. Knap-weed. Bachelor's-button. (The 

 centaur, Chiron, it is said, cured with these, his foot wounded by Her- 



30' 



