514 Ordbb 85.— LOGANIACBuE. 



Oeder LXXXIV. PEDALIACE^. Pedaliads. 



Herbs moBtly strong-scented and glandular-hirsute. Stipules 0. Flowers axillary, 

 solitary, large, monopetalous, didynamoas, 5-merous, irregular. Ooary 1 to 2-celled, 

 of 2 carpels. Siyh 1. Stigma divided. Fridt becoming 4 or C-celled by the diverg- 

 ing lobes of the 2 placentas. Seeds few or many, large, wingless. 



Oenera 14, speeUs 26, natives of tropical America, etc. Bonio of them have been introdacad 

 into the United States. 



TRIBES AND GENERA. 



L PEDALINE..E. Frnit drupe-like, fleshy without, produced Into a beak Makttnia. 1 



IL BESAMEjE. Fruit capsular, dry, dehiscent, never beaked Sesa.mum. 3 



1. MARTYN'IA, L. Unicorn Plant. (In honor of John Martyn,. 

 botanical author and professor, Cambridge, Eng., 1760.) Calyx 5-cleft, 

 2 to 3-bracteolate at base ; cor. campanulate, tube gibbous at base, limb 

 5-lobed, unequal ; sta. 5, one rudimentary and sterile, 4 didynamous ; 

 caps, coriaceous, ligneous, 4-celled, 2-valved, each valve terminating in 

 a long, hooked beak. — (D Chiefly southern, branching, viscid-pilous. 

 Lvs. opposite, petiolate, subcordate, roundish. 



1 M. probosoidea Glox. Branches mostly decumbent ; lvs. cordate, entire, sub- 

 orbioular, vDlous, upper ones alternate ; fls. on long, axillary peduncles ; beaks 

 much longer than the capsule. — A coarse, strong-scented plant, along rivers, fields, 

 etc., S. and "W. States. Stem 1 — 2f long. Leaves paler beneath. Corolla pale, 

 duU yellow, very large, the limb nearly as broad as the leaves, spotted with 

 brownish-purple. Sta. bright yellow, exserted. The curious pods are furnished 

 with an incurved horn (2 when the valves separate) abruptly bent at the end into 

 a very sharp grappling hook. 



2 M. littea Lindl. "With yellow fls. and horns longer than the pod, is some- 

 times cultivated, also M. diartdra, with pink fls. spotted with purple, and horns 

 shorter than the pod. 



2. SES'AMUM, L. Oil-seed. Calyx 6-parted ; corolla campanu- 

 late, 3-cleft, the lower lobes the longest ; stamens 4, didynamous ; 

 stigma lanceolate ; capsule 2-celled, the cells divided by the inflexed 

 edges of the valves. — 3) Of India. Lvs. petiolate, the lower opposite, 

 upper alternate. 



S. Indicum DC. Lvs. lanceolate-ovate, lower ones 3-lobed, upper ones un- 

 divided serrate. — Native of B. India. Stem erect, about 18' high. Leaves cJter- 

 nate, entire. Flowers axillary, subsessile. Corolla pale purple. The seeds 

 yield an excellent oil which will keep several years without injury. It is used 

 in cookery for all the purposes of sweet oil. Five pounds of the seeds yield 

 .about one pound of oil The leaves are emollient 



Order LXXXV. LOGANIACEyE. 



Herbs or shrubs with opposite loaves, with stipules between the petioles, some- 

 times reduced to an elevated line or ridge. Flowers 4 or 5-parted, monopetalous, 

 regular, aestivation various. Ovary superior, stylo simple, stigmas as many as the 

 cells of the ovary. Fruit capsular or baccate, 2-celled, many-seeded, or a 1 to 2- 

 geeded drupe. Seeds albuminous, mostly winged or peltate. (Fig. 221, 302.) 



'Qentra 25, species 200, chiefly tropical. 



'Properti6S.~~GQner3ily poisonous, often possessed of the highest decree of venom. The 

 pervading poisonous principle Is sirydmia^ especially abundant and fatal in the seeds of Stryeb- 

 nos Nux-vouilca, an East Indian tree, "with small, greenish flowers. 3. toxil'era, of Guiana fur- 

 nishes the terrible WooraZi, poison for arrows, likewise 8. cogens of Central America, 8. Tiouto 

 of Java, yields the celebrated Upas. The species of Splgelia, under the name of Flnk-root, are 

 used as a vermifuge, but are dangerous. 



Obs. — This order has been appended to Kubiflce^e, but its free ovary is a decisive mark of dl»- 

 Uootiou, although otherwise nearly related. 



