Order 88.— VBRBBNAOBiE. 6S7 



I Bhral)!. Prslt fleshy.— Flowers 4-parted, axillary. I)rDpa4-seedeiI Gai.licakpa. 4 



— FJowers 4-parted, axillary. Drupo 2-see(led Lantana. ft 



— Flowers 4-parted» terminal. Drupe 2-&eeded',...ALOv8iA. 6 



— Flowers 5-parted. — Seed3 4 Leaves simple... ^^lbeodendbux. 7 



— Seed 1. Leaves compound... ViTEx. 6 



I. VERBE^NA, L. Vervain. (Celtic fer-foen, to expel stone ; hence 

 Eng. vervain, Lat. verbena.) Calyx S-toothed, with one of the teeth 

 often shorter ; corolla funnel-form, limb somewhat unequally S-lobed ; 

 stamens 4, included, the upper pair sometimes abortive ; drupe splitting 

 into 4, 1-seeded, indehiscent carpels. — Herba or undershrubs. Lvs. op- 

 posite. Fls. sessile, mostly in spikes or hds. 



* Spicate ; the open corollas lateral tn slender spikes, (a) 



a &Lem simple (niustly) bearing a single spike. Leaves oblong Nos. 1, 2 



a Stem branched^ with many spiltes. — Leaves mostlysimple Nos, 8—5 



— Leaves much divided Nos. 6 — 8 



• Corymbed ; the open corollas forming a terminal (spike) corymb Nos. 9 — 1 1 



1 V. angustifdUa Mx. Erect, mostly simple ; lvs. oblong-linear, tapering to the 

 base, remotely serrate, with furrowed veins ; spikes filiform, solitary, axillary and 

 terminal ; cor. blue ; bracts as long as calyx. A small, hairy species Ibund on rocky 

 hills and other dry eoUs, N. Y. to Va., \V. to the Miss.. St. not more than a foot 

 high, with narrow (2 to 3' by 3 to 6"), rough lvs. and slender spikes of deep 

 blue fls. Jl. (V. rugosa Willd.) 



2 v. Caroliniana L. Assurgent subsimple, scabrous-puberulent ; lvs. oblong- 

 oftovate, obtuse or bluntly acute, cronate-dentdte, sessile; fls. in a loose terminal 

 spike ; cor. large, rose-colored ; bracts minute, half as long as (he calyx ; carp. 4, 

 not sepa/rating. — % Dry soils, S. States, common. St. 1 to 2f high. Lvs, 18" to 

 3', varying to oval, and in some specimens decidedly hastate I often acute. Spike- 

 6 to 12' long. Pis. showy, 6" long, cal. 2". May — Jl. 



3 V. hastita L. Common Vervain. Erect ; lvs. lanceolate, acuminate, incisel/ 

 serrate, petiolate, the lower ones lobod or hastate ; spikes erect, dense, slender, 

 panioled; fls. imbricated. — 1(. Frequently by roadsides and in low grounds, 

 mostly throughout the tJ. S. and Can. St. 3 to 6f high, with paniculate, opposite 

 branches above. Lva rough and rugous, 2 to 4' long, variously toothed. Fla 

 small, blue, arranged in long, close, imbricated spikes which are erect and paralleL, 

 Jl. — Sept. § Eur. (T. paniealata Lam.) — Varies with the lvs. incised or pinnati- 

 fld, and spikes loose-flowered ; — evidently hybrids. (Engelm.) 



4 V. urticaefolia L. Erect, subpubesoent ;/ bis. ovate and ovate-lanceolate, seyrate, 

 acute, petiolato ; spikes axillary and terminal, loose filiform ; fls. separate ; bracts 

 shorter than the calyx. — If About roadsides and rubbish. A weed of uninviting 

 appearance, 2 to 3f high, with lvs. resembling those of the nettle. It has long, 

 slender, weak, green divergent spikes remotely filled with small, white, distinct 

 flowers. Seeds 4. Jl., Aug. § Eur. 



5 v. stricta Vent. Mullein-leaved Vervain. Hirsute and hoary; st. thick 

 rigidly erect, branched above ; lvs. oval or obovate, unequally dentate, sessile, acute, 

 rugous; spikes erect, strict, imbricate and denae-flowered. — If An erect, rigid, 

 and rather handsome species, in dry fields, W". States, common. Very hirsute, l 

 to 3f high. Lvs. 2 to 3' by 1 to 2', numerous, veiny and whitish beneath. Cor. 

 blue, thrioa larger (4" broad) than in V. hastata. ' JL 



6 V. braotidsa Mx. Decumbent, bratiched, divaricate, very hairy ; lvs. laciniate, 

 rugous ; spikes terminal, thick, many-flowered ; bracts lance-linear, longer thaK Che 

 fls., thrice longer than the calyx. — y Dry fields and roadsides. Mid. 'Vf. and S. 

 States. Whole plant hairy and hoary, 8 to 16' long, remarkable for its squarrous, 

 bracted spikes. Lvs. 1 to 2' long. Fls. small, blue. Jn. — Sept. (Zapania, Lam.) 



7 V. Bpiiria L. Assurgent, divaricately branching, hairy ; lvs. ovate-lanceolate, 3-cfc/i, 

 laciniaiely lobed and toothed; spikes slender, loose; bracts a little longer than the 

 cak/x. — y Conn., Md. to Ga. An unsightly plant, with a square stem, 1 to 2f 

 high, half erect, di- and trichotomous above. Lvs. attenuate and subpetiolate at 

 base.' Spikes 3 to 6' long, dense before flowering, loose after. C-^l. 1'' long, cor. 

 2", blue. Aug., Sept — Differs from V. officinahs of Euiope in its petiolate lvs. 

 and longer bractk 



