Order 90.— BORRAGINACE^. 563 



12. ECHINOSPER'MUM, Swartz. Bubr-sebd. (Gr. ix'^vog, the seii- 

 urchin, ompfia, seed ; from the character.) Calyx 5-parted ; corolla 

 hypocrateriform, orifice closed -vyith concave scales ; achenia 4, erect, 

 bearing 1 to 3 rows of echinate prickles, smooth between, compressed 

 «r angular, fixed to a central column. — Herbs with bracted rac. and 

 small, blue fls. 



E. L^ppula Lehm. St. branched above; Ivs. lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 

 hairy ; cor. longer than the calyx, tho border erect-spreading ; ach. each with 2 

 rows of hooked prickles on the margin. — (D An erect herb, in dry soils, roadsides, 

 N. States to Arc. Am. Stem having a dry, grayish aspect, from its dense hairs, 

 about a foot high, undivided except at the top, where it branches into a kind of 

 panicle. Leaves 1' by 1 — 2", sessile. Flowers very small, blue. JL (Rocbe- 

 lia Roam. Cynoglossum Scop.) 



13. CYNOGLOS'SUM, Tourn. Hound's Tongue. (Gr. icvuv, a dog, 

 yXioaaa, tongue ; from the form of the long, soft leaves.) Calyx 5- 

 parted ; corolla short, infiindibuliform, vaulted ; orifice closed by 5 con- 

 verging, convex scales; achenia covered with echinate prickles, de- 

 pressed, forming a broad, pyramidal fruit, and each fixed laterally to 

 the style. — Cor. blue, purple or white. 



5 Racemes without bracts or nearly so Nos. 1, 3 



§ Kacemes bracted at base, but the pedicels always extra-axillary No. 3 



lC.officmd.lisL. Common Hound's TONOUB. Silky-piibesceni, leafy to the top ; 

 root-lva. lance-oblong, attenuate at base to a petiole, upper sessile or amplexicaul ; 

 rac. braotless, paniculate, not stalked ; nuts margined in front. — U "Waste grounds, 

 pastures, common. Plant of a dull green color, emitting a disagreeable smell. 

 St erect, hairy, 1 to 2f high. Lvs. with soft down on both sides, entire, 6 to 10' 

 by 1 to 2', tapering into a long, attenuated base, the upper much smaller. Clus- 

 ters terminal, panicled, recurved at the end. Fls. with a downy calyx and a 

 dull red corolla. Cal. leaf-like in fruit. Sds. rough with hooked prickles. • Jl. 

 §Eur. 



2 C Virginicum L. Hirsute-pilous ; lvs. oblong-oval, acute, upper ones clasp- 

 ing, cordate, all on the lower half of the stem ; corymb terminal, leafless, on a long, 

 naked pedwtcle. — y Inhabiting woods and thickets, Vt. to Va. and III, rare in N. 

 Eng. A hairy plant, 2f high, simple, bearing at the top of its leafless summit a 

 small, panicled corymb of pale purple flowers. Radical lvs. 5 to 6' long and half 

 as wide. Cal. and pedicek very hau'y. Jn. (C. amplexicaule Mx.) 



3 C. Morrlsoni DO. Beggar-ticks. St. widely branched ; lvs. oblong-lanceo- 

 late, acuminate, scabrous above, pubescent beneath ; rac. divaricate, diehotomous ; 

 fr. densely covered with prickles, doubly barbed at tho point. — ® In rocky 

 grounds and rubbish, Can. to Ma. St. furrowed, 2 to 3f high, with many slen- 

 der, remote, wide-spread branohts, each terminating in a centrifugal, racemous 

 inflorescence. Lvs. entire, remote, large (4 to 8' long), tapering to each end, the 

 lower ones petioled. J'ls. very small, white, the pedicels nodding in fruit. JL 

 (Echinospermum Virginicum Lehm.) 



Order XCI. HYDROPHYLLACE^. Htdrophtlls. 



t 



Serbs mostly, with alternate lobed leaves and regular bluish flowers. Calyx 5- 

 cleft, usually with appendages at the cleftis, persistent, fi-ee. Corolia 5-lobed, oftes 

 with 10 honey scales or furrows near the base. Stamens 5, inserted into the cor- 

 olla, with a deeply bifid styla . Ovary entire, ovoid, free, 1-celled, with 2 parietal, 

 several-seeded plaoentse. Fruit 2-valved, filled by the placenta. Seeds reticulated, 

 albuminous. 



Otnera 18, species 77, chiefly American. Properties unimportant. 



