Obdeb 99.— OEEACE^ 597 



mach cultivated. The deliciously fragrant oil of Jasmine of the shops is extracted 

 from this plant, f Asia. 



Obder XCIX. OLEACEiE. Olives, 



Vreex and shrubs with opposite, simple, sometimes pinnate-leaves, with flowers 4- 

 parted, regiflar; rarely apetalous, the corolla valvate in the bud. Stamens 2 to 4, 

 mostly 2, and fewer than the corolla lobes. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 suspended ovules 

 m. each cell, and /mi fleshy or capsular, seeds 4 (or fewer by abortion), with abun- 

 dant albumen. Kg. 265. 



Genera 24, species 180,natiTe8 of temperate climatoa. The ash Is very abundant in N. Amcr- 

 Wa. The Phlltyreas and the Syringas are all Oriental. 



Properties. — Olvoe oil is expressed from the pericarp of the Olive (Olea Europiea). The bark 

 of this tree, and also of the ash, is bitter, astrinscent, and febrifugal. Mamuit a sweet, gentle 

 purgative, is the concrete discharge of several species of the Fraxinus, particularly of the Kuro- 

 pean F. Ornus. The species of the ash are well known for their useful timber. 



TRIBES AND GEKEKA. 



I. FRAXINE.^.— Fruit a dry, winged samara. Leaves pinnate • FRAxraus. 1 



II. BYKINGE^. — Fruit a dry, 2-celled capsule. Leaves mostly simple (a). 



a Calyx persistent ; corolla salver-form cyanic String A. S 



a Calyx deciduous ; corolla subcampanulate, yellow Forsythia. 8_ 



in. OLEINEjE. — Fruit a fleshy drupe or berry. Corolla present. Leaves simple (b). 



b Corolla lobes long, linear, pendulous, stamens included CinONANTHUS. 4 



b Corolla lobes short. Stamens included. .Fruit a berry LiausTRUsi. 5 



b Corolla lobds short. Stamens exserted (c). 



c Style 2-parted. Leaves serrate Osuantuus. 6 



c Style simple. — Drupe shell bony. (Panicles axillary) Olea. 7 



— Drupe shell papery. Panicles terminal Visiania. 8 



IV. FO-RERTIEEE.^ — Fruit a fleshy drupe. Corolla none. Leaves simple... Fokestibr a. 9 



I. FRAX'INUS, Tourn. (Gr. ^ap|if, a separation; from the facility 

 with which the wood splits.) Polygamous or dioecious; calyx 4-toothed, 

 rarely obsolete ; petals 2 or 4, coherent at base, oblong or linear, or al- 

 together wanting ; stamens 2 ; stigma bifid ; samara 2-celled, flattened, 

 winged at apex, cells 2-ovuIed, but 1-seeded ; seeds pendulous, com- 

 pressed. — Trees or shrubs, with opposite, odd-pinnate Ivs. and fls. ra- 

 oemed or panicled. American species are all dicecious and apetalous 

 trees. 



§ Flowers with a corolla of 4 or 2 white, linear-oblong petals. Cultivated No. 8 



S Flowers apetalous, polygamous. Leaflets 11 to 18._ Cultivated No. 7 



\ Flowers apetalous, dioacious. Fruit always winged at apex (*). 



* Calyx persistent at the terete base of the samara No. 1 



* Calyx persistent at the iiarroV],fiatUmed base of the samara Nos. 2 — 4 



* Calyx none,' the samara naked at the broad base Nos. 6, 6 



1 P. Americana L. "WmiB Ash. Lfts. t to 9, petiolulate, ovate or lance-ob- 

 long, acuminate, entire or obscurely subserrate, shining above, glaucous beneath ; 

 petioles and branchlets terete, smooth; buds yellowish-velvety; panicles com- 

 pound, axillary, loose; samara linear-oblong, obtuse, narrower. and terete at the 

 calyculate base, seed portion half as long as wing. — 'Woods, Can. to Ga. and La. 

 A forest tree, 40 to 80f high; trunk 2 to 3f diam. Lvs. If long, usually of 7 

 smooth lfts., which are 3 to 4' by 18'' to 2'. Fruit 13 to 15" by 2 to 2 J". Apr., 

 May. (P. acuminata Lam. ¥. epiptera Mx.) — Timber light, tough and strong, 

 much used by carriage-makers, &c. 



2 F. pub^acena "Walt. Red Ash. Lfts. 7 to 9, petiolulate, ovate-lanceolate or 

 eUiptic-lanoeolate, acuminate, subserrate, veins beneath, petioles and young branches 

 velvety-pubescent; samara narrow-lanceolate, obtuse, the calyeulate base acute, 

 flattish, shghdy margined by the decurrent wing. — Swampy or low grounds, Can. 

 and U. S., more common in Penn. and Va. A smaller tree than No. 1, 30 

 to 60f high, but nearly allied to it. Bark deep brown. Lfts. often reddish 



