632 Ordbe 113.— ULMACEjE. 



sistent, with 6 spreading, colored segments ; stamens 3, very short, 

 filaments united at base, anthers didymous. $ Calyx as in the $; 

 styles 3, bifid ; capsule 3-celled ; cells 2-valvod, 1 — 2-seeded. — Herbs 

 or shrubs with alternate, stipulate leaves and minute, axillary flowers. 



P. Carolin^nsia Walt. (P. obovatus 'Willd.) St. erect, herbaceous, with alter- 

 nate branches ; Ivs. simple, entire, glabrous, oval and obovate, obtuae, slighUy 

 petioled ; fls. few, subsolitary, axillary. — ® A small-leaved, delicate plant, Penn. 

 to 111. and South. Stem 6 — 10' high, slender, the branches fihform. Leaves of 

 the stem 6 — 8" by 4 — 5", of the branches twice, and of the branchlets four times 

 smaller. Flowers 1 — 3 in each axil, the i with the 5 nearly 1" diara., whitish. 

 July, Aug. 



10. PACHYSAN'DRA, Mx. (Gr. naxvg, thick, avSpa, stamen.) 

 Flowers 8 , apetalous, in bracteate spikes ; calyx 4-partod ; $ stamens 4, 

 filaments distinct, large, subclavatc ; ovary a rudiment ; ? styles 3, re- 

 curved; capsule 3-horned, 3-ccllod, cells 2-valvcd, 2-sccdcd. — If Herbs 

 procumbent, from long, creeping, rhizomes. Lvs. nearly glabrous, alter- 

 nate, exstipulate. Spikes situated below the lvs. 



P. prooumbens Mx. Sta. simple ; lvs. few, oval, coarsely crenato-toothod, nar- 

 rowed into a slender petiole ; spikes from near the base of the stem, oo-flowered, 

 the fertile below the sterile each subtended by 2 or 3 narrow bracts. — Mts. of 

 Va. and E. Tenn. to Ga. Sts. 6 to ^ long. Lvs. 1 to 2', all of them above the 

 few spikes which are about the same length. Mar. — May. 



11. BUX'US, L. Box-wooo. (The Greek name of this plant was 

 TTv^oc.) Flowers g, axillary. — $ Calyx 3-leaved, petals 2; sta. 4, "with 

 the rudiment of an ovary. ? Cal. 4-sepaled ; pet. 3 ; sty. 3 ; caps, 

 with 3 beaks and 3 cells ; seeds 6. — Shrubs and trees. Lvs. evergreen, 

 opposite. 



B. semp^rvirens L. Lvs. ovate : petioles hairy at edge ; anth. ovate, sag- 

 ittate. — Var. ANGUSTIFOLIA has narrow, lanceolate leaves. Tar. suffrutioosa, 

 the dwarf box has obovate leaves and a stem scarcely woody, highly esteemed 

 for edgings in gardens. — The box with its varieties is native of Europe, and fur- 

 nishes the well-known tox-wood so extensively used by engravers, mathematical 

 instrument makers, &c. 



Orhek CXHI. ULMACE^. Elmworts. 



Frees with a colorless juice, alternate, deciduous leaves and stipules, with the 

 fiowers perfect, or abortively polygamous, in loose clusters, never in aments. Oahjx 

 Buboampanulate, bearing tho stamens opposite to its lobes, filaments straight, ovary 

 free, 1 or 2-celled, with two stigmas, forming in fruit a samara or a drupe. Seed 

 suspended, with no albumen and leafy cotyledons. Fig. 4G. E. 115, 437. 



Genera 9, specien 60, native of the northern temperate zone. 



Properties. — Astringent, mucilaginous, jnnoxnous. Tlio mueilaginous bark of the Slippery Elm 

 (Ulmus fulva) is the only important medicinal product. Most of tlic Elms afford excellent timber. 



I. UL'WUS, L. Elm. (The Latin name, from elm, Teutonic.) Flowera 

 i^ . Calyx campanulate, 4 to 8-cleft ; stamens 4 to 8 ; 'styles 2 ; ovary 

 compressed forming a flattened samara with a broad membranous bor- 

 der. — Trees, rarely shrubs. Lvs. scabrous, often abrupt at base. Fls. 

 fasciculate or raoemod, appearing before the lvs. 



§ Samara ciliate-fringed with hairs, and on Blender pedicels, (a) 



a Flowers and fruit corymboiiB-umbellate. Branches not corky No, 1 



a Flowers and fiuit manifestly raeemed. Branches corky Noa li, H 



S Samara destitute of a fringe, eubsessiie or short pediceled Nos. 4 — 6 



