Oedeb 113.— ULMACE^. 63-3 



1 XT. Americina L. "WinTE Elm. (Fig. 437.) Lva. ovate, acuminate, serrate. 

 often doubly so, unequal at base; fls. pediceled in loose clusters; fr. oval, 

 smooth except the densely oiliate margin, its 2 beaks with points incurved and 

 meeting. — ^U. S. and Can. A majestic tree, usually distinguished by its long pen- 

 dulous branches. The trunk attains a diameter of 3 to 5fJ loosing itself suddenly 

 at top in 2 or more primary branches. These ascend, gradually spreading, and 

 repeatedly dividing in broad, graceful curves, and affording a good example of the 

 solvent axis (§ 174). It is a great favorite as a shade tree, and is frequently seen 

 rearing its stately form and casting itg deep shade over the " sweet homes" of N. 

 Eng. April. 



2 U. racemdsa Thomas. Cork Elm. Brcmchlds downy, often with thick, corky 

 ridges ; Ivs. ovate, acuminate, auriculate on one side ; fls. in racemes ; pedicels in dis- 

 tinct fascicles, united at their base, fruit ovate, elliptic, ciliate. — A tree found in 

 low grounds, Meriden, N. H. to N. T., and westward. The twigs and brandies 

 are remarkably distinguished by their numerous, corky, wing-like excrescences. 

 Leaves 3^-4' long, J as wide, produced into a rounded auricle on one side, doubly 

 serrate, smooth above, veins and under surface minutely pubescent. Flowers 

 pedicellate, 2 — 4 in each of the fascicles which ara arranged in racemes. Calyx 

 1 — 8-cleft. Stamens 1 — 10. Stigmas recurved. Samara pubescent, the margin 

 doubly fringed. Apr. — Much like No. 1, except its inflorescence and bark. 



3 U. al^ta Mx. "Winged Elm. ^11x7100. Branches smooth, here and there 

 winged with 2 corky ridges ; Ivs. oUong-lanceolale, small, acute, doubly serrate, all 

 slightly unequal at base ; fls. in racemes ; cal. lobes obovate, obtuse ; fruit downy 

 all over, ciliate-fringed on the margin, beaks slender. — Common iii the S. States. 

 Tree with its branches more regularly cork-winged than in No. 2, its leaves much 

 smaller (18 to 30" long) and subequal at base, tho petioles only 1" long. (Fruit 

 misrepresented in Miohaux.) 



4 IT. ffilva L. Slippery Elm. Red Elm. Branches rough ; Ivs. obkmg-ovaie, 

 acuminate, nearly equal at base, unequally serrate, pubescent both sides, very 

 rough; bitds covered with fulvous down ; fls. sessile; fr. nearly orbicular, scarcely 

 ciliate. — "Woods and low grounds, N. Eng. to Car. The Slippery Elm is much 

 sought on account of the mucilage in the inner bark. Its diameter is 1 to 2f 

 and height 20 to 40f The Ivs. are larger, thicker and rougher than those of tho 

 "White Elm, and exhale a pleasant odor. Fls. collected at tho ends of the young 

 shoots. CaL downy, sessile. Stam. short, reddish, 7 in number. Apr. 



5 XJ. camp^stiis L. En'GLISU Elm. Ia's. (sTnaS) ovate, doubly serrate, une- 

 qual at base ; fls. subsossilo, densely clustered ; sta, 5 — 8 ; cal. segments rounded, 

 ebtnse ; samara suborbicular, tho border destitute of a fringe of hairs. — From 

 Europe. Introduced and naturalized in tho Eastern States to a small extent. It 

 is a majestic tree, 50 — 70f high. The main trunk is usually excurrent (§ 173). 

 Branches rigid and thrown off at a largo angle, foliage dense. In form it favors 

 the Oak more than our native Elms. Many trees of this kind, in the vicinity of 

 Boston, are particularly remarked in Emerson's Report, pp. 301, 302. 



6 U. mont^na L. .Scotch Elm. "Wych Elm. Lvs. (large), obovate, cuspi- 

 date, doubly and coarsely serrate, cuneate and unequal at base, very scabrous 

 above, evenly downy beneath ; ir. subumbellate, rhombic-oblong ; scarcely cloven, 

 not ciliate. — Another European Elm often planted in our parks. It is a large tree, 

 rather resembhng our Slippery Elm than the "White Elm. 



7 IT. crassifdlia Nutt. "With very small (1' long), thick, oval, obtuse lvs. 

 grows in "W. La., probably not E. of tho Miss. It flowers in Sept. only. (Hale.) 



2. PLA'NERA, Gmel. (In honor of John J. Planer, a German bota- 

 nist.) Flowers moncecious-polygamous ; calyx campanulate, 4 to 5- 

 cleft ; stamens 4 to 5 ; stigmas 2, oblong, diverging ; frait 1-celled, 

 1-seeded, wingless, day, nut-like, indehisccnt, — Trees witb the habit of 

 ITlmus, 



P. aqudtica Gmel Lvs. small, smooth, ovate, acute, serrate, equal at base ; flia. 

 axillary, in clustdrs of 2 to 5 ; sig. plumous ; nut roughened with scale-like points 

 — Kiver swamps, N. Car. to Ga. A tree 30 to 40f high. Feb., Man 



