644 Obdbii 119.— CUPtTLIFER^ 



Tery dense foliage of a bright, shining green. Lvs. 2 to 3' long, 1 to 2' wide 

 above, coriaceous, but mostly deciduous, very variable, but always cuneate. Cup 

 6" across, 1" deep. Apr., May. 



7 Q. nigra L. Barren Oak. Black Jack. Iron Oak. Lvs. coriaceous, cu- 

 neiform, obbuse or sabcordate at base, mostly 3-lobed at apex, lobes subequal, entire 

 or toothed, setaceous-muoronate when young, smooth and shining above, rust- 

 downy beneath; villous in the axils of the veins; cup turbinate, half covering tht 

 gbbular nutf scales of the cup obtuse, scaious. — A small, gnarled tree, with 

 dark, massy foliage, in sandy soils, N. J. to 111. and S. States. Trunk 20 to 30f 

 high, with a thick, black, broken bark. The leaves are very firai in texture, 3 to 

 7 to 8' by 2 to 5', broadest above, the middle lobe narrowest. Petioles 3 to 6" 

 long. May. — The wood is very valuable for fuel (Q. ferruginea Mx.) 



8 Q. triloba Mx. Downt Black Oak. Lvs. oblong-cuneiform, acute at the 

 baae, on very short petioles, 3-lobed at the end, rusty-iomentous beneath, lobes mu- 

 oronate with setaceous awns, middle one longer ; fruit with a flat cup and a do- 

 pressed-globous acorn. — A tree of rapid growth, 25 to 40f high, in the pine bar- 

 rens of N. J. to Fla. lvs. very large, those of the young shoots 8 to 12' long and 

 often 5-lobed, approaching, perhaps, too closely the next May. — It has been 

 recommended for hedges. 



9. Q. Catesbeei Mx. Barren Sortib Oak. Lvs. short-petiolate, cuneata at 

 base, deeply sinuate-lobed, glabrous on both sides, lobes 3 to 5, divaricate, acute 

 sind setaceous-pointed, simple or toothed with setaceous-pointed teeth ; cup large, 

 turbinate, half covering the ovoid nut, scales obtuse, the upper inflexed. — Pino 

 barrens, Car. to Ga A tree 20 to 25f high, with large and very irregular leaves, 

 6 to 10' long and nearly as wide, smooth, at length coriaceous, deciduous. Cup 

 about 8" broad, nut covered with an ashy meal. May. 



10 Q. ilicifolia WiUd. Shrub ob Scrub Oak. Bear Oak. Lvs. petiolate, obo- 

 vate-cuneate, with 3 or 5 angular lobes, entire on the margin, whitish downy berieaih ; 

 cup subturbinate ; acorn ovoid. — A shrub, common throughout tlio U. S., grow- 

 ing only on gravelly hills and barrens, ■which it occupies exclusively ia large 

 tracts. St. 3 to 4f high, divided into numerous straggling branches. Lvs. 3 to 

 4' long, petioles 6 to 12". Acorns 6" Iob^; abundant, and said to be greedily 

 eaten by bears, deer, and swine. May. (Q. Bannisteri Mx.) 



/?. f Georoiana. Lvs. glabrous, except a tuft in the axils of the veins; cup 

 flat, covering only one-fourth of the ovoid nut — On stone Mt., Ga. I. (Q. 

 Georgiana Ravanel.) 



11 Q. rubra L. Red Oak. Lvs. on long petioles, smooth, obtusely sinuate, 

 lobes rather acute, shallow, incisely dentate ; acorn large ; cup shallow and flat, 

 Smoothish ; nut turgid-ovoid. — The red oak is the most common species in the 

 Northern States and in Canada. It is a lofty, wide-spreading tree, 7 Of in height, 

 with a diameter of 3 or 4. Leaves 6 — 10' long, smooth on. both sides, with deep 

 and rounded sinuses between the narrow, mucronate lobes. The flowers appear 

 in May, succeeded by large acorns (9" long) contained in cups so shallow as rather 

 to resemble saucers. The wood is reddish, coarse-grained, of Uttle value as timber, 

 but excellent fueL 



12 Q. paltistria Mx. Pin Oak. Water Oak. (Figs. 6 — 9.) Lvs. on long 

 petioles, oblong, deeply lobed with broad, rounded sinuses, smooth, axils of the 

 reins tufted-villous beneath, lobes divaricate, rather narrow, dentate, acute; cup 

 flat, smooth ; acorn small, nearly spherical. — The pin oak is most luxuriant in the 

 W. States, and the adjacent districts of other States, rare in N. Eng., growing in 

 swamps and cold, clay soils. Height 60 to 80f, with a diameter of 2 to 4, and 

 light, open foliage. Bark blackish. Leaf lobes narrower than the spaces between. 

 Wood coarse-grained, little esteemed as timber. Acorns 1" long, rouncj, in shal- 

 low cups. May. 



13 Q. falcdta L. Spanish Oak. Lvs. long-petiolate, elongated, obtuse or 

 rounded at base, ashy-tomentous beneath, deeply sinuate lobed, lobes 5 to 7, 

 rarely 3, narrow, bristle-pointed, simple or toothed, more or less falcate ; acorn 

 small, roughened, globular, cup shallow, subsessile, its margin incurved. — Ya. to 

 Bla., in the lower districts. A tree of large dimensions, 60 to 7 Of high, most 

 floarishing in Mid. Fla Lva 5-to 6' long, on vigorous shoots much larger, peti- 



