Oedbb 121.— conifers 661 



and BoaJy bark, gnarled spreading branches, 20 to 30f high. Lva. 18 to 30" long, 

 cones finally 2 to 3' long, the spines fully 3'' long, the points hooked. In the 

 young cones the spines are projectii^f, with the points hooked. Branchlets bluish 

 red. Resembles the next. 



7 P. fnops Ait. Jersey or Scrub Pine. Lvs. in pairs, ratlier short, oMuse, rigid, 

 channeled above, terete beneath, margins obscurely serrulate ; cones recurved, 

 ovoid-oblong, as long as the leaves ; scales compact, obtuse at base, with a straight, 

 siitmlate pfickle. — A tree 15 — 25f high, on barrens in the Middle States. Branches 

 straggling, and, with the trunk, covered with a rough, blackish bark. Branchlets 

 glaucous. Leaves 1 — 2' long. The wood abounds in resin. May. 



8 P. resindsa Ait. Norway Pinb. Red Pine. Lvs. in pairs, channeled elon- 

 gated, with elongated slieaihs ; cones ovoid-conic, rounded at the base, subsolitary, 

 about half as long as the lvs. ; scales without spines, dilated in the middle. — It 

 abounds m the northern parts of the U. S. and in Canada, attaining the height 

 of 80^ with a trtmk of 2f in diameter, very straight and uniform. Bark smoother, 

 and of a clearer red than other pines. Leaves chiefly collebted towards the ends 

 of the branches, always in pairs, 5 — 8' in length, the sheaths 6 to 12". Timber 

 fine-grained, resinous, strong and durable. May. (P. rubra, Mx.) 



9 P. Banksi^na Lambert. . Scrub Pine. Lvs. in pairs, rigid, curved, short, 

 acute, terete upon the back and channeled above, margins somewhat scabrous ; 

 cones ovate-acuminate, recurved, tortuous, longer than the lvs., scales without 

 spines, obtuse, smooth. — A small tree, with long, spreading, flexible branches, 

 abounding in barrens, in Me. to Wis. and British America. Leaves about an inch 

 in length. Cones nearly twice as long as the leaves, usually in pairs. Apr., May. 

 (P. ruprestris Mx.) 



2. A^BIES, Tourn. Spruce Fir. $ Aments axillary, clustered to- 

 wards the ends of the branches ; $ scales of the cone thin, flat, not 

 thickened nor spine-pointed at the end ; seeds with a persistent wing ; 

 cotyledons 3 to 9. — IVees with evergreen, solitary, scattered lvs. never 

 sheathed at base. (Fig. 46, S.) 



§ Cones erect, bracts conspicuous with the ecales. Leaves fJaJ^ whitened beneath , . , . Noe. 1, 2 



§ Cones pendant, bracts Inconspicuous. — Scales rounded and entire at tip Nos. S, 4 



— Scales eroded or dentate at tip Nos. fi, 



1 A. balsdmea Marshall Fir Balsam. Lvs. linear, flat, obtuse, glaucous-silvery 

 beneath ; cones cylindric, large (3 to 4' long) ; scales broad, compact ; hacts obovate, 

 mucronate, slightly pr<^ecting. — A beautifiil evergreen, common in humid forests of 

 the northern U. S. and Can. Branches nearly horizontal, gradually becoming 

 shorter upwards, forming a regularly pyramidal head. The lvs. are little longer 

 than those of the hemlock (8 to 10" long) spirally arranged, bright green above, 

 silvery white beneath. Cones 1' thick, bluish purple when growing. Bark 

 smooth, abounding in reservoirs filled with a resin or. balsam which is considered 

 a valuable medicine. May. (Pinus, L. Picea Mx.) 



2 A. Fraserl Ph. Double Fib Balsam. Lvs. fiat, glaucous beneath, linear, 

 often emarginate, subsecimd, erect above; cone ovoid-oblong, erect, very smali! 

 bracts elongated, reftexed, oblong-cuneate, emarginate, briefly mucronate, incisely 

 toothed. — Smaller tree than the last, much resembling it in habit, in Mts. N. Eng. 

 to Car. Lvs. 3" long, and much crowded. Cones 1 to 2' long when mature, sin- 

 gularly distmguished by the long-pointed, violet-colored, reflexed bracts. Sterile 

 aments terminal. May. — A highly ornamented shade tree. 



3 A. C^nad^nsis Mx. Hemlock. Los. linear, flat, obscurely denticulate, glaucous 

 beneath, in 2 rows ; cones ovoid, terminal, scarcely longer than the leaves ; scales 

 rounded, entire. — A well known evergreen inhabitant of rocky, mountainous 

 woods Brit. Am. to Car. and Wis., commonly attaining the height of 70 — 80f. The 

 trunk is large in proportion, straight, covered with a rough bark. Branches brit- 

 tle and nearly horizontal, with pubescent twigs. Leaves 6 — 8" in length, less 

 than 1" wide, arranged in 2 opposite rows. Cones very small. Wood soft, 

 elastic, of a coarse, loose texture, not much valued for timber. The bark is ex- 

 tensively used in t.inning. May. (Pinus, L.) 



4 A. ^Iba Mx. "White or Single Spruce. Lvs. i-sided, incurved; conea hut, 



