778 . Order ,156.— GRAMINEjE. 



nato ; palcaj 2, mostly shorter than the glumes, surrounded with white, 

 bristly hairs at base, lower one mucronate, mostly awned below the tip, 

 the upper one often with a stipitate pappus (abortive rudiment of a 

 Becond flower) at base. — 2^ Rhizomes creeping. Culms simple, tall, 

 with a contracted or open panicle. 



1 Panicle expanding. Glumes some shorter tlian the palefp. Endimcntnono !No3. 1, 2 



% Funiclo cnntracteil. Gl. some longci" than piileai. liudiment pluinons. (*) 



* Glumes 2 — 3" long. l*alea bbort-awned — above the middle No. 3 



— below the middle Nos. 4, 6 



* Glumes 5 — 7" long. Palea scarcely awned near the tip No. T 



J, C. brevapiljs Torr. Culm terete, slender, 3 — 4f high; Ivs. broad-linear, the. 

 sheatha glabrous ; ligulo hairy ; panicle pyramidal, loosQ, with tlio difTuse, capil- 

 lary branches solitary or in pairs ; glumes unequal, bearded at base, ovate, acute, 

 1-voined, shorter than the equal, olDtuso, awnlesa pales ; pappus or liairs very short, 

 not half the length of thepakce. — y In sandy swamps, N. J. (Torrcy). (A. Epi- 

 geios Muhl.) 



2 C. longifolia Hook. Oulm 2 — 4f high, stout; Ivs. rigid, involute-filiform, 

 tapering to a long point ; panicle pyramidal ; glumes unequal, lanceolate, the upper 

 as long as the equal pales; pappus-like liairs copious, more than iialf the length of 

 the pales. — Sandy shores of tho great Lakes, N. Mich, and C. W. 



3 C. coarct^ta Torr. Glaucous ; culm erect, 2 — 4f high ; Ivs. linear-lanceolate, 

 scabrous, with the veins and keel white ; sheaths striate ; stip. oblong, obtuse • 

 panicle condensed and spike-form, the branches rigidly erect, short and aggre- 

 gated; glumes acuminate, lanceolate, lower 1-veined, tipper S-veined, lower palo 

 5-veined, bifid at tho apex, with a E')ort, straight awn just above the middle of the 

 back. — U liogs, Ua.ss. 1o I'nui. and S. States? July, Augast. (.Vgrostis 

 glauca Miilil. Aruuao . .ricta Spr.) 



4 C. puipur^soens Brown. Eanicle spieate, purplish, 3 — G' long, half tho 

 length of tho culm ; glumes scabrous ; paleas 2, the lower scabrous, toothed at 

 the apex, awned upon tho back below the middle; abortive rudiment plumons, 

 twice longer than the hairs at its base, and twice shorter than the pales. — White 

 iit?., N. II. (Tuckerman), Rocky Mts. (Richardson). — Rare and unimportant. (C. 

 Pickeringii Gr. C. sylvatioa Trin.) 



5 C confinis Nutt. Culm 2 — 5f high, erect simple; Ivs. 2 — 3" wide, smooth; 

 panicle 4 — 8' long, sleuder, contracted, branches short, appressed, 4 or 5 together; 

 glumes obiong-lanceolate, 2-}" long, rough on the keel and sides, barely acute ; 

 palex nearly equal, acute, oblong, as long as the glumes, lower ono rough, 3-veined, 

 notched at tip, with a short awn inserted below tho middle, nearly as long as the 

 flower; hairs f the length of the pales. — Penn. and Penn Yan, N. Y. (Sartwell). 

 Aug. (C. inexpansa Gr.) 



6 C. Canadensis Beauv. Reed Grass. Blue Joint. Culm smooth, erect, rigid, 

 3 — 5f high ; Ivs. linear-lanceolate, striate, with smooth, veined sheaths ; panicle 

 erect, rather loose, oblong, tho branches capillary, aggregated in 4s and 5:! ; glumes 

 very acute, smoothish, much longer than ' the palecs ; lower palece bifid at the apex, 

 with a hair-like awn arising from below the middle of the back; hairs as hng as 

 the pales. — U "Wot grounds, N. Eng. "W. to Mich, and Can. Makes good hay, 

 common. Aug. (C. Mexicana Nutt. C. agrostoides Ph. Arundo Mx.) 



7 C. arenaria Roth. Mat Grass. Sakd Reed. Rt. creeping extensively; 

 culm erect, rigid, 2 — 4f high; Ivs. involute, If by J', smooth and glaucous, pun- 

 gently acute; sheaths smooth; stip. oblong; panicle dense, with erect, appressed 

 branches, 6 — 10' long, and an inch thick ; spikelets compressed, greenish-white ; 

 lower paloEO longer than tho upper. — U On sandy lake shores and sea coasts, 

 Can. to N. J. Of great value in confining loose, sandy beaches. Aug. (Ammo- 

 pbila. Host. Psamma, Palis. Arundo, L.) 



10. ALOPECU'RUS, L. Fox-Tail .Grass. (Gr. aXunrj^, fox, ovpd, 

 tail.) Spikelets 1-flowercd ; glumes subeqnal, connate, distinct, flat- 

 carinato ; lower palo flat-carinato, generally equaling the glumes, awned 

 on the back below the middle ; upper palo wanting; styles often con- 



