30 THE vike-deesser's manual. 



from existing and growing vines, branches, or si-ie or 

 ground shoots, as shown in Fig. 3. 



Fia. 8. 



yiXJ 



The branch marked a is a summer shoot, to raise 

 grape roots, to be put down in June or July. That 

 marked 6 is a permanent layer, to be put down in the 

 fall, winter or spring. 



Persons having grape arbors, or vineyards, may 

 thus multiply and spread them, in a very few years, 

 over a very large space of ground. If it is intended 

 to leave these layers in the ground where they are sunk, 

 it is necessary that they should be laid down as deep 

 as cuttings are, say twenty inches; but where these 

 "layers" are made with a view to have them fonn 

 roots, with a view to be transplanted to other locali- 

 ties, they may be sunk but about eight inches. Per- 

 manent "layers" are a convenient, and much to be 

 recommended method, to M up any vacancies in a 



