SECTION 14.] 



FRUIT. 



119 



Stone Fruits, or Drupaceous, the outer part flesliy like a berry, the inner 

 hard or stony, like a nut ; and 



Dry Fruits, those which have no flesh or pulp. 



350. In reference to the way of disseminating the coiitained seed, fruits 

 are said to be 



Indehiscent when they do not open at maturity. Meshy fruits and stone 

 fruits are of course indehiscent. The seed becomes free only through 

 decay or by being fed upon by animals. Those which escape digestion are 

 thus disseminated by the latter. Of dry fruits many are indehiscent ; and 

 these are variously arranged to be transported by animals. Some burst 

 irregularly; many are 



Dehiscent, that is, they spHt open regularly along certain lines, and 

 discharge the seeds. A dehiscent fruit almost always contains many or 

 several seeds, or at least more than one seed. 



351. The principal kinds of fruit which have received substantive names 

 and are of common use in descriptive botany are the following. Of fleshy 

 fruits the leading kind is 



352. The Berry, such as the gooseoerry and currant, the blueberry 

 and cranberry (Kg. 371), the tomato, and the grape. Here the whole 

 flesh is soft throughout. The orange is a berry with a leathery rind. 



353. The Pepo, or Gourd-fruit, is a hard-rinded berry, belonging to 

 the Gourd family, such as the pumpkin, squash, oucumber, and melon, 

 Fig. 372, 373. 



354. The Pome is a name applied to the apple, pear (Fig. 374), and 

 quince ; fleshy fruits, like a berry, but the principal thickness is calyx, only 



Fio. 371. Leafy shoot and berry (out acro.9s) of the larger Cranberry, Vacciniuin 

 maorocarpoa 

 Fio. 372. Pepo of Gourd, in section. 373. One carpel of same in diagram. 

 FiQ. 374. Longitudinal and transverse sections of a pear (pome). 



