BARBERRY iAUILT. 45 



4. CAULOPHYLLUM. Stamens 6. Petals 6 broad and thiokish bodies much 

 shorter than the sepals. Ovary bursting or disappearing early, leaving the 

 two ovules to develop into naked berry-like, or rather drupe-Uke, spherical 

 seeds on thick stalks. 



*■ <- With simply 2 - Smarted leavts, and tolitary white flowers ; sepals falling when 

 the Olossom opens. Seeds numerous, parittal. Pistils rarely more ihm one ! 



6. JEFFEESOMA. Flower on a scape, rather preceding the 2-part6d root-leaves. 

 Petals (oblong) and stamens mostly 8. Fruit an ovate pod, opening by a 

 cross-line halt-way round, the top forming a conical lid. Seeds with an 

 aril on one side. 



6. PODOPHYLLUM. Flower in the fork between the two peltate 5 - 9-parted 

 leaves : root-leaf single and peltate in the middle, umbrella-like. Petals 

 6-9, large and broad. Stamens usually 12 - 18. Fruit an oval, large and 

 sweet, eatable berry ; the seeds imbedded in the pulp of the large parietal 

 placenta. 



1. B^BBERIS, BAEBEERY. (Old Arabic ntime.) The two sorts or 

 sections have sometimes been regarded as distinct genera. 



§ 1. True Barberry ; withsimpleleaves,clusteredintheaxilqfcompoundspines. 



B. vulgaris, Common B. of Eu. Planted, and run wild in thickets and 

 by roadsides ; has drooping many-flowered racemes, and oblong red and sour 

 berries ; leaves obovate-oblong, fringed with closely-set bristly teeth, with a joint 

 in the Tery short petiole (like that in an orange-leaf), clustered in the axils of 

 triple or multiple spines, which answer to leaves of the shoot of the previous 

 season (see Lessons, p. 63, fig. 171), 



B. Oauad^usis, Wild B. In the AUeghanies from Virginia S., and rarely 

 cult., a low bush, with few-flowered racemes, oval red berries, and less bristly 

 or toothed leaves. 



§ 2. Mahonia ; with pinnate and evergreen leaves, spiny-toothed leaflets, and 

 clustered racemes of early spring flowers: berries blue or black with a 

 bloom. Planted for ornament. 



B. Ac[U.if61iu.m, Holly B. or Mahonia, from Oregon, &c., rises to 

 3° - 4° high ; leaflets 5-9, shining, finely reticulated. 



B. rdpens, Creeping or Low M., from Rocky Mountains, is more hardy, 

 rises only 1° or less, and has rounder, usually fewer, pale or glaucous leaflets. 



B. nervdsa, also called glumAcea, from the husk-like long and pointed 

 bud-scales at the end of the stems, which rise only a few inches above the ground ; 

 leaflets 11-21, along the strongly-jointed stalk, lance-ovate, several-ribbed from 

 the base. Also from Oregon. 



B. Jap6nica, Japan M., tall, rising fully 6° high, the rigid leaflets with 

 only-3 or 4 strong spiny teeth on each side, is coming into ornamentaj grounds. 



2. NANDINA. (The native Japanese name.) A single species, viz. 



N. dom6stica. Cult, in cool greenhouse, &c, from Japan : very com- 

 pound large leaves : the berries more ornamental than the blossoms. 



3. EPIMEDIUM, BARREN-WORT. (Old Greek name, of uncertain 

 meaning.) Low herbs, with neat foliage : cult, for ornament. 



E. Alplnum, of European Alps, has a panicle of odd-looking small flowers ; 

 theyellow petals not larger than the reddish sepals. 



B. macr^ntbuiu, Xarge-flowbred E. of Japan, with similar foliage, 

 has large white flowers with very long-spuiTed petals. 



4. CAULOPH'i'LIiUM, COHOSH. The only species of the genus is 



C. thalictroldes. Blue Cohosh. Wild in woods, with usually only one 

 stem-leaf and that close to the top of the naked stem (whence the name of the 

 genus, meaning stem-leaf), and thrice ternate, but, having no common petiole, it 

 looks like three leaves ; and there is a larger and more compound radical leaf, 

 with a long petiole. The leaves are glaucous and resemble those of Thalictrum 

 (as the specific name indicates), but the leaflets are larger. Seeds very hard, 

 with a thin blue pulp. 



