122 ROSE FAMILY. 



6. GEUM, AVENS. (From Greek word, meanin;; to give an agreeable 

 flavor; the roots of some sijccies somewhat scented.) Several wild species, 

 only the following common : fl. late spring and summer. % 



G. rivile, Pohple or Water Avens. In bogs and low grounds N. : 

 thickish rootstock (sometimes used in medicine as an astringent) sending up 

 lyrately and interruptedly pinnate leaves, and rather naked several-flowered 

 stems (2° high) ; the flowers pretty large, nodding, with purplish-orange and 

 broadly obovate or obcordate petals narrowed at the base, never spreading ; in 

 fruit the head of akenes erect, stalked in the persistent calyx, the persistent 

 style.' jointed and bent in the middle, the upper part plumose-hairy. 



G. v6rnum, Spbing A. Thickets, from Ohio to Illinois and Kentucky : 

 slend'tr, 2° - 3° lugh ; root-leaves rounded heart-shaped and 3 - 5-lobed, or some 

 of them pinnate and cut ; flowers small, with yellow petals about the length of 

 the simply 5-lobed calyx ; the head of frait raised above the calyx on a con- 

 spicuous stalk ; the styles, &c. smooth, the upper joint falling off. 



G. Stri3tUDl, Field* A. Moist grounds and fields : a coarse herb, 3°-5° 

 high, rather hairy, with rooMeavos interruptedly pinnate and the leaflets wedge- 

 obovate, those of the stem with 3 - .5 narrower leaflets ; in summer bearing 

 panicled flowers with broadly obovate golden-yellow petals exceeding the calyx; 

 stipules large, deeply cut ; head of fruit close in the calyx ; the persistent naked 

 style hooked at the end after the short upper joint falls ; receptacle downy. 



G. Virgini&.num, White A. Thickets and border of woods : coarse 

 and bristly-hairy herb l°-3° high, with root and lower leaves of several pin- 

 nate leaflets, the upper 3-parted and cut; the panicled flowers small, with incon- 

 spicuous greenish-white petals shorter than the calyx ; head of fruit like the 

 last, but its receptacle smooth. 



G. ^Ibuiu, White A. Grows in similar places with the preceding, and 

 like it, but smooth or soft-pubescent, with root-leaves of 3 - 5 leaflets, or some 

 of them rounded and simple except a few minute leaflets below ; the petals as 

 long as the calyx, white or pale greenish-yellow ; receptacle of fruit bristly. 



7. POTENTILLA, CINQUEFOIL, FIVE-FINGER. (Name from 

 potens, powerful, fi'om reputed medicinal virtues, but these plants are merely 

 mild astringents.) Wild plants of the country, except those of the last 

 section, and one yellow one : but the Shrubby CinquefoU is also planted. 



§ 1. Petals pale yellow, small, not surpassing the calyx. ® ® 



P. Norv^gica, Norway C. An erect, hairy, weedy plant, 1° - 2° high, 

 branching above, with only 3 obovate-oblong and cut-toothed leaflets : fl. sum- 

 mer, in fields. 



P. parad6xa. A spreading or procumbent, pubescent, weedy plant, on 

 river-banks W., with pinnate leaves of 5 - 9 obovate-oblong cut-toothed leaflets, 

 and akenes with a thick appendage at their base : fl. summer. 



§ 2. Petals whitish or cream-colar, broad, surpassing the calyx; akenes smooth. "H 



P. argtlta. A stout, erect, brownish-hairy, coarse plant, l°-4° high, 



rather clammy above, on rocky hills N. & W., with pinnate leaves of 3-9 oval 



or ovate cut-toothed leaflets soft-downy beneath, and a close terminal cluster of 



rather large flowers, of no beauty, in summer. 



§3. Petals bright yellow, larger than the lobes of tlie calyx, y, 

 * Leaves of 5 digitate leaflets, 



P. r^Cta. Cult, in some old gardens, from Eu. . a coarse, erect, hairy 

 plant, 2° - 3° high, with sometimes 7 narrowly wedge-oblong leaflets coarsely 

 toothed, and rather large cymose flowers. 



P. Canadensis, Common Wild C. or Fivb-finser. Open diy ground : 

 dwarf, silky-hairy, with wedgc-obovate leaflets, and axillary 1 -flowered pedun- 

 cles ; flowering from e.irly spring to midsummer, and spreading by runners. 



Var. simplex, in moister or richer soil, usually well marked by its greater 

 size and greener foliage ; the stems l°-2° long, ascending or spreading from 

 a short tuberous rootstock ; leaflets more oblong ; flowers produced through the 



