124 KOSE FAMILY. 



§ 2. Petals yellow : receptacle tasteless : runners bearing leaves and l-Jlowered 

 peduncles : calyx with 5 external pieces very large, leaf-like, and 3-lobed. 



F. Indlca, Indian S., of Upper India, &c. : cult., running wild S. E., 

 rather handsome both in flower and (red) fruit, which arc produced all summer 

 and autumn. 



9. DALIBABDA. (Named for DaZiiarrf, an early botanist of Paris.) y. 



D. ripens, of wooded sloj)es N., is a low, stemless, tufted, downy little 

 plant, spreading more or less by subterranean runners, with the aspect of a 

 Violet, the scapes bearing one or two delicate white flowers, in summer. 



10. EtTBUS, BRAMBLE, &c. (The Roman name, connected with ruber, 

 red.) y. 



§ 1. Flowering Raspuekries, with simple leaves and broad flattish fruit, the 

 very small and numerous reddish or amber-colored grains at length separat- 

 ing from the persistent receptacle. 



E. Odor&tUS, Purple T. Dells, &c., N. : shrubby, 3° - 5° high, clammy, 

 bristly and odorous, not prickly ; with ample 3 - 5-lobed leaves, the lobes pointed 

 and the middle one longest, peduncles many-flowered, calyx-lobes with long 

 slender tips, and petals purple-rose-color ; the showy flowers 1' - 2' across, pro- 

 duced all summer. 



E. Nutk^uus, White !P. Prom Upper Michigan to Pacific, and cult. : 

 like the other, but less bristly and clammy, with leaves more equally 5-lobed and 

 coarsely toothed, and fewer flowers with narrower white petals. 



§ 2. True Raspberries, with 3 - .5 leaflets, the fruit falling when ripe from 

 the then dry narrow receptacle : flowers with small white erect petals, in early 

 summer, on leafy shoots of the season which (in all but the first) spring 

 from prickly more or less woody stems of the preceding year. 



E. trifldrus, Dwarf Raspberry. Low woods N. ; almost wholly her- 

 baceous, slender, trailing, not prickly, with thin smooth leaves, of 3 rhombic- 

 ovate acute leaflets, or the side-leaflets parted, making 5, all doubly serrate, 

 peduncle bearing 1-3 small flowers, and the fruit of few grains. 



E. oeeident&lis, Black R. or Thimbleberky. Borders of fields and 

 thickets N., especially where ground has been burned over : glaucous-whitened, 

 the long recurving stems, stalks, &c. armed with hooked prickles, but no bris- 

 tles ; leaflets mostly 3, ovate, pointed, white-downy beneath, coarsely doubly 

 toothed, the lateral ones stalked ; petals shorter than the sepals : fruit purple- 

 black (or an amber-colored variety), flattish, ripe at midsummer. 



E. Id^US, Garden R. Cult, from Eu. for the fruit : tall and nearly 

 erect, beset with straight slender prickles or many of them mere bristles ; leaves 

 thicker, and fruit firmer and larger than in the next red or yellowish, ripening 

 through the summer. 



E. Strig6sus, Wild Red R. Common especially N. : 2° - 3° high, the 

 upright stems, stalks, &c. beset with copious bristles, and some of them becom- 

 ing weak prickles, also glandular ; leaflets oblong-ovate, pointed, cut-serrate, 

 white-downy beneath, the lateral ones (either one or two pairs) not stalked; 

 petals as long as the sepals ; fruit light-red, tender and watery but high-flav- 

 ored, ripening all summer. 



§ 3. Blackberries, with the pulpy grains of the fruit remaining attached to the 



pulpy receptacle, which at length falls away from the calyx ; stems prickly : 



leaves of 3 or pedatdy 5-7 leaflets : flowers on leafy shoots from stems of 



the preceding year, in spring and early summer, with white spreading petals. 



* Stems more or less woody: fruit black when ripe, eatable, the blackberries of the 



market, ripening in late summer and autumn. 

 E. villdsus, High Blackberry. Everywhere along thickets, fence- 

 rows, &c., and several varieties cult.: stems l°-6° high, furrowed; prickles 

 strong and hooked ; leaflets 3-5, ovate or lance-ovate, pointed, their lower sur- 

 face and stalks hairy and glandular, the middle one long-stalked and sometimes 



