COMPOSITE FAMILT. 183 



less leafy. Pappus of many slender and roughish bristles, surrounded at base 

 by a little cup or crown, consisting of many little scales or short stiff bristles 

 more or less united. Heads solitary terminating leafy stems or branches, 

 large and broad. Leaves sessile, coarsely toothed. Boot annual. 



36. ASTEE. Bay-flowers more or leas numerous in one row. Involucre imbricated 



Pappus of very numerous slender roughish bristles ; no cup or crown of 

 short bristles outside. Heads usually panicled or corymbed. Boot usuallv 

 perennial. •' 



37. EEIGEEON. Ray-flowers numerous, narrow, and commonly occupying more 



than one row. Involucre more simple than in Aster, the scales narrower, I 

 appressed, mostly of equal length and occupying only one or two rows, with- 

 out any leaf-like tips; and the pappus more scanty, often some minute short 

 and sometimes chaff-like bristles at the base of the long ones. 



» * Papput not of long hair-like bristles, either a little cup or crown, or of a few 

 scales, teeth, awm, ^c, or none at all. 



H- No chaff on the receptacle among the flowers, except in 41 - 43 and some cuiUvated 

 and altered fm-ms of 44. Leaves mostly alternate. 



•M- Akenesflal : rays pistillate, not yelloio, at least in our species. 



38. BOLTONIA. Flowers resembling those of 36 and 37. Receptacle conical or 



hemispherical. Akenes very flat, obovate or obcordate with a callous margin 

 or wing: pappus of several minute and short bristles, and commonly 2 or 3 

 short awns. Leafy-stemmed, tall, branching herbs, with pale-greoii thiokish 

 and chiefly entire leaves often turned edgewise. 



39. BRACHYCOME. Flowers like those of 36 or 37. Receptacle conical. Akenes 



flat, wingless : pappus a ring of minute short bristles or narrow soJes united 

 into a short crown. 



40. BELLIS. Heads with numerous white, reddish, or purple rays. Beceptacle 



high conical. Akenes flat, obovate, wingless : no pappus. Low nerbs, with 

 solitarjrpeduncled heads, and entire or merely toothed leaves. 



41. ACHILLEA. Heads mostly with few and white (rarely rose-red or yellow) 



rays. Receptacle small, flattish, chaffy. Akenes o'blong, margined: no 

 pappus. 



++ ++ Akenes not flat, nor boat-shaped : pnppus a short crown or none: rays pistillate 

 and fertile except in 42. 



42. MAEUTA. Rays neutral, white ; otherwise almost exactly as in the next. 



48. ANTHEMIS. Kays pistillate and fertile, numerous, white or sometimes yellow. 

 Involucre of many small close-pressed scales. Receptacle convex, witn some 

 slender chaff, at least at the centre. Akenes terete, mostly ribbed. Leaves 

 once to thrice pinnately divided. 



44. CHBYSANTHEMUM, including LEUCANTHEMUM and PYRETHRUM. 

 Bays pistillate and fertile, numerous. Receptacle convex or flat, without 

 chaff, except in some double-flowered varieties. Disk-flowers mostly with a 

 flattened tube. Pappus none. Otherwise nearly as in Anthemis. 



++++•!-(• Akenes (op-shaped or oblong, not flattened nor incurved : pappus of b-IO 

 conspicuous thin chaffy scales 'with midrib more or less extended into a bristle 

 or awn ; rays in one row, not very numerous, wedtje-shaped, 3 - b-cleft w lobed, 

 yeUow or partly reddish or browmsli-iiurple, never white: involucre of separate 

 scales. 



■15. HELENIUM. Rays pistillate. Involucre of a few small and narrow spreading 

 or reflexed scales. Receptacle globular or conical. Heads mostly corymbed. 

 (Akene and pappus, Lessons, p. 121, fig. 382.) 



46. GAILLABDIA. Bays neutral, often partycolored. Involucre of two or more 



rows of loose leafy-tipped scales. Beceptacle convex. Disk-flowers often 

 purple : the styles with very slender hispid branches. Heads solitary on slen- 

 der terminal peduncles. 



*^ **** -t-i- Akenes short, not incurved, cooered with extremely long loft-silky hairs 

 V - (which must not be confounded withpappus), hiding the minute pappus of many 



delicate little scales: rays numerous in one row, neutral, yellow with dark- 

 colored spot at base, nearly entire : involucre of 2 or S rows of short scales 

 united in a cup. 



47. GAZANIA. Head solitary on a long terminal peduncle, large and showy, the 



rays expanding only in sunshine or bright daylight. Beceptacle flat. Disk- 

 flowers yellow: their style abruptly thickened below the two short branches. 



