COMPOSITE FAMILT. 185 



6». RUDBECKIA Rays several or numerous, neutral. Scales of the involucre 

 At»n»^ », I T ' «P''«*'l"'g- Eeceptacle conical or oolnmnar. Chaff soft. 

 ^^^T ^•«"^i*-™g^ar, margiuless, flat at the top: pappus none or a short 



«n rviin^^^°'^^T°\^<>'^}^''- Leaves alternate. "" ^ ^^ 



.m^5,wr„ ^i .' ''"] ''''f"^^ flattened, wing-margined on the inner and 

 S if t ""t °°'f ^"^S^' 1 - 2-toothed at summit. ^Disk grayish. Chaff 



61. DKACOPIS. Like 60, but mvolucre of some very smaU linear scales and 



meXt'onfcfidf J "i^ h "^^v'^'^^t^'f ^t^^^te, blunt at top? and tte att»S 

 ment at one side of the base. Leaves alternate, mostly entu-e, clasping. 



= = Says rather persistent, long, drooping, pistiUaie but stenle, rose-pwrple. 



62. ECHINACEA. Rays numerous.- Scales of the involucre narrow and spread- 



mg. Receptacle conical; the persistent and rigid spiny-tipped chaff longer 

 than the purplish disk-corollas Akenes thick tnd sWt, 4-sided, and witf a 

 toothed border for a pappus. Leaves chiefly alternate, S - 5-ribbed. 

 = = = Rays persistent on the fruit, becoming dry mid papery, broad, pistillate and 

 fertile, of various colcfrs. 



63. ZINNLA.. Rays several. Receptacle conical-, the oblong chaff not longer than 



the velvety-tipped disk-corolTas. Akenes oblong or linear, flattened, or those 

 ot the ray 3-sided; pappus of a chaffy awn or tooth on each angle, or some- 

 times hardly any. Leaves opposite, sessile, and entire. Heads solitary, 

 tenninatmg the stem or branches. 



§ 2. Herbage, involucres. 4c. dotted with large pdlucid or colored glands or oil- 

 receptacles imbedded in their substance, maUng the plants sl/ronq-scented : 

 nivobtcre of oneraio of scales united into a bell-shaped or cylindrical cup : no 

 cnajf on thefiatlish receptacle: flowers yelhw or orange. 



64. TAGETES. Kays pistillate. Involucre without bractlets at base. Akenes 



elongated, flat, somewhat 4-sided; pappus of 2 or more unequal rigid chaffy 

 scales, often united into a tube or cup, sometimes tapering into awns. Herbs 

 very glabrous. 



65. DYSODIA. Rays pistillate, mostly short. Involucre with some loose bractlets 



at the base. Receptacle beset with short chaffy bristles. Akenes slender, 

 4-angled : pappus a row of chaffy scales dissected into numerous rough 

 bristles, so as to appear at first sight as if capillary. Leaves opposite. 



n. Head with all the flowers strap-shaped and perfect. Plants 

 with milky juice. Leaves alternate. (No chafF on the receptacle 

 in any of the following.) 



§ 1. Pappus of many minute chaffy scales, forming a short cromi or cup. 



66. CICHORIUM. Head of several blue flowers. Involucre double ; the outer of 



6 short and spreading, the inner of about 10 erect scales. Akenes short, with 

 broad summit. Stems twiggy, leafy mostly towards the base. (Lessons, 

 p. 93, fig. 267 ; the akene, p. 121, fig. 380. 



§ 2. Pappus of rather numerous andstoul long-plumose bristles. 



67. TBAGOPOGON. Head large, of many yellow or purplish flowers. Involucre 



of about 12 lanceolate rather fleshy scales in a single row, somewhat united at 

 the base. Akenes terete, slender, roughish, tapermg into a long beak, which 

 bears the rigid long-plumed bristles of tne pappus, 5 of these Ipnger and naked at 

 the summit. Stems leafy; leaves entire, parallel-veined, clasping at the base. 



68. LEONTODON. Head rather small, of many yellow flowers. Involucre of 



many narrow equal erect scales, and a few short bractlets at base. Akenes 

 spindle-shaped: pappus a single row of tawny plumose bristles. Leaves all 

 at the root or base of the scapes. 



§ 8. Pappus of very many slender, but rather stiff and rough, naked and tawny bristles. 



69. HIEBACIUM. Heads small or smallish, of 12 or more yellow flowers. Scales 



of the involucre unequal and in more than one row. Akenes short, oblong or 

 columnar, not beaked : the fragile bristles of the pappus not very copious. 

 Stems naked or leafy. 

 TO. NABALUS. Heads usually nodding, of 5 - 40 greenish -white or yellowish often 

 purple-tinged flowers. Involucre cylindrical, of 6 - IB linear scales in a single 

 row and a few short bractlets at base. Akenes cylindrical : pappus of very 

 copious straw-colore'd or brownish bristles. Stems leafy. 



S&F— 19 



