COMPOSITE FAMILY. 203 



coarsely toothed leaflets, outer involucre much longer than the head, and wcdge- 

 obovate akenes ciliate with upturned bristles, and 2-awned. 



B. conn&ta, Swamp B. Low grounds ; smooth, 1° - 2° high, with simple 

 lanceolate and taper-pointed leaves, or the lower 3-divided and decurrent'on the 

 petiole, smaller heads, narrow wedge-shaped akenes minutely and downwardly 

 ciliate and bearing about 3 awns. 



* » Low smooth herbs, with showy golden yellow rays 1' long. 



B. ehrysanthemoides, Larger Bur-Marigold. Shallow water or 

 wet places, 6' - 30' high, with simple lanceolate sessile serrate leaves, outer 

 invomcre shorter than the rays, and wedge-shaped akenes with almost prickly 

 downwardly barbed margins and 2-4 awns. 



§ 2. Akenes linear or needle-shaped. 



B. Bdckil, Water B. Immersed in water, N. and W., the single short- 

 peduncled heads rising above the surface, and with showy rays ; leaves cut into 

 very numerous fine hair-like divisions ; awns of the stout akenes 4-6, barbed 

 near the tip. 



B. bipinn&ta. Dry soil, from Conn, to 111. and S., 1° - 3° high, branched, 

 with 1 - 3-pinnately parted petioled leaves, ovate-lanceolate leaflets, small heads, 

 short pale-yellow rays, and slender akenes with 3-4 barbed awns. 



64. ACTIN6MERIS. (Greek-made name, alluding to the irregularity 



of the rays in the commonest species. ) y. 



A. squarrbsa, common in low rich soil from W. New York S. & W. ; with 

 branching stems 4° - 8° high, lance-oblong leaves tapering to both ends, nu- 

 merous rather corymbed heads, spreading involucre, 4-10 irregular rays, and 

 broadly winged akenes : fl. Sept. 



A. helianthoides, in open grounds W. & S., resembles a Sunflower as 

 the name denotes, 1° -3° high, with more hairy lance-ovate sessile leaves, few 

 and larger heads, erect involucre, 8-15 regular rays, and slightly wmged 

 akenes : fl. summer. 



55. VERBESlNA, CROWNBEARD. (Origin of name obscure.) Ours 

 are tall (4° -7° high) branching herbs in rich soil, with compound corymbs 

 of small heads : fl. summer. 2^ 



V. Siegesta6ekia, from S. Penn. tolll. & S., has 4-winged stems, smooth- 

 ish, large and thin ovate and opposite leaves pointed at both ends, yellow flow- 

 ers, and wingless akenes. , 



V. Virgmica, of same range, has stem, less winged, smaller lance-ovate alter- 

 nate leaves soft-downy beneath, white flowers, and narrowly winged akenes. 



56. XIMINESIA. (Named for J. Ximines, a Spanish apothecary.) 



X. eneelioides, of Texas and Mexico, and cult, for ornament, 2° high, 

 spreading, rather hoary, at least the lower fax;e of the oblong or heart-shaped 

 clasping soiTate leaves ; the bright yellow heads somewhat corymbed, showy, 

 the rays deeply 3-toothed : fl. all summer. ® 



57 HELIANTHUS, SUNFLOWER (which the name means in Greek). 

 The following are the commonest of the numerous species, many of which are 

 difiicult. 



SI. ® Receptacle Jlat and very broad : disk brownish : leaves alternate, broad 



and triple-riUied, petioled : fl. summer. Cult, for ornament: wild only far 



S. W. : fl. ali summer. 



H. tonuus, the Great Common Sunflower of the gardens, with huge 



heads ; leaves green, roughish, not hoary. , . . ,. , , n™ 



H. argoph^Uus, of Texas, cult, for its hoary-white foliage ; heads smaller. 



§ 2. 2Z Receptacle and disk convex : heads middle-sized or rather small: flower- 



ing throughout late summer and autumn. 



