COMPOSIT£ FAMILY. 203 



59. RWDBltCKlA, CONE-FLOWER. (Named for iJadfieci, father and 

 son,- Swedish botanists.) The following are the commonest species, all 

 natives of this country : fl. summer. 



§ 1. Disk broadly conical, dark-colored, the soft chaff not pointed: rough-hairj 

 plants 1° -2° high, leafy below, the naked summit of the stems or hranchet 

 bearing tingle showy heads : leaves simple. 2/ 



B. speciosa, from Penn. W. & S., and cult, in some gardens ; leaves lan- 

 ceolate or ovate-lanceolate, pointed at both ends, 3 - 5-nerved, petioled, coarsely 

 toothed or cut. 



R. hirta, common in open ground W. & S., introduced into meadows E. 

 with clover-seed ; stems stout and mostly simple ; leaves nearly entire, triple- 

 ribbed, oblong-lanceolate or the lowest spatulate, the upper sessile. 



§2. Disk conical, dark-purple, the chaff aivn-pointed : lower leaves often pinnately 

 parted or S-clefl. ® 



R. triloba, from Penn. to 111. & S. ; hairy, 2° - 5° high, much branched, 

 ■with upper leaves lance-ovate and toothed, and the numerous small heads with 

 only about 8 rays. 



§ 3. Disk globular, pale dull broumish {recq)tacle sweet-scented), the chaff blunt 

 and downy at the end ; lower haves 3-parted. y, 



R. subtomentbsa, of the prairies and plains "W. ; somewhat downy, with 

 leafy stems 3° - 5° high, ovate or lance-ovate serrate upper leaves and short- 

 pedunclcd heads. 



§ 4. Disk oblong, or in fruit cylindrical and \> long, greenish yellow, the chaff very 

 blunt and downy at the end : leaves all compound or cleft. % 



R. laciniflta, Common Cone-Plowek, in low thickets; 3° -7° high, 

 smooth, branching above ; lowest leaves pinnate with 5 - 7 cut or cleft leaflets, 

 upper ones 3 - 5-parted, or the uppermost undivided ; heads long-peduncled, 

 with linear drooping rays l'-2' long. 



60. LEPACHYS. (Supposed to be formed from Greek words for thick 

 and scale.) Receptacle anise-scented when crushed. Fl. summer. 



L. pinn^ta, in dry soil from W. New York W. & S. : minutely roughish 

 and sUghtly hoary ; the slender leafy stems 3° - 5° high, bearing leaves of 3 - '.' 

 lanceolate leaflets, and somewhat corymbed heads vrith the oval or oblong disk 

 much shorter than the oblong drooping yellow rays ; akenes scarcely 2-toothed, 

 flattish, the inner edge hardly wing-margined. % 



L. COlunmdriS, of the plains W. of the Mississipjji ; cult, for ornament; 

 10-2° high, vrith single or few long-peduncled heads, their cylindrical disk often 

 becoming 2' long, and longer than the 5-8 broad drooping rays, these either 

 yellow, or var. pulcherkima, -mth the base or lower half brown-purple ; akenes 

 1 - 2-toothed at top and winged down one edge. % 



61. DRACOPIS. (Name refers in some obscure way to a Drayon.) @ 

 D amplexieaillis, wild far S. W., sometimes cult, for ornament ; smooth, 



l°-20 high, with clasping heart-shaped pale leaves, and long-peduncled heads, 

 like those of the preceding, the broad rays mostly shorter than the cylindncal 

 disk, and either yellow or the lower part brown-purple. 



62. ECHINACEA, HEDGEHOG CONE-FLOWER. (Name mcMis like 

 a hedgehog, viz. receptacle with prickly pointed chaflF. ) Fl. summer. IJ. 



E. purptirea, in prairies and open grounds from W. Penn. W. & S. : 

 stems l°-20 high from a thick and black pungent-tasted root (called tUack 

 Sampson by quack-doctors), bearing ovate or lanceolate 5-nerved and veiny 

 leaves, the lower long-petioled, and terminated by a large head ; rays 15-^0, 

 dull rose-purple. . .^, 



E. angUStifblia, from Wisconsin S., is a more slender form, with narrow 

 lanceolate 3-nerved entire leaves, and 12-15 brighter-colored rays. 



